Kodi mumapanga bwanji ndondomeko yoyendetsera khalidwe labwino?
Tsamba 5: Njira
Kuwonjezera pa kupanga malamulo, aphunzitsi ogwira mtima amakula Njira-masitepe ofunikira kuti mukwaniritse bwino komanso moyenera zochitika zingapo zatsiku ndi tsiku. Njira ndizofunika kwambiri pazochitika ndi zochitika zomwe sizimakonzedweratu komanso pamene khalidwe losokoneza limakhala lovuta kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kufika m'mawa, kuchotsedwa ntchito).
Kukhazikitsa Njira
Lamulo loyamba: Khalani osavuta. Aphunzitsi akuyenera kukhala ndi njira zosavuta kuzitsatira pazokha zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika. Njira zochulukira kapena zovuta zimatha kukhala zosokoneza komanso zotsutsana. Pofuna kudziwa ngati njirayo ndiyoyenera, aphunzitsi angaganizire mafunso omwe ali m’munsimu.
| chifukwa | kodi ndondomekoyi ndiyofunika? |
| Kodi | kodi ndondomekoyi ndiyofunika? |
| Chani | ndondomeko? ndi masitepe oti mumalize bwino ntchitoyi? |
| amene | ayenera kuphunzitsidwa ndondomeko imeneyi? adzaphunzitsa ndondomeko iyi? |
| Liti | kodi ndondomekoyi ndiyofunika? ndondomeko idzaphunzitsidwa? ndondomeko idzachitika? |
| Bwanji | muzindikira kutsata ndondomeko? |
Zotsatirazi ndi zina zoyambira zoyambira kapena zochitika zomwe zingapindule ndi ndondomekoyi. Dinani maulalo omwe ali pansipa kuti muwone masitepe a chitsanzo chilichonse.
Kuti mungodziwa
Monga momwe mungayembekezere, aphunzitsi osiyanasiyana ndi magiredi osiyanasiyana adzakhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zamakalasi. Kuonjezera apo, njira zomwe ndondomekozo zimalembedwera komanso kufunikira kwa zizindikiro zowonetsera zikhoza kusiyana. Mosasamala kanthu, izi ziyenera kukhala zenizeni komanso zogwirizana ndi zaka. chachikulu ophunzira pindulani ndi mawu achidule ndi zothandizira zowoneka. Ophunzira apakatikati nthawi zambiri amafunikira mndandanda wazinthu zolembedwa.
Kufika kwa m'mawa
Ndondomeko:
- Moni kwa aphunzitsi ndi anzanu a m'kalasi
- Ikani chikwama ndi kuvala m'dera lanu
- Ikani chikwatu cha homuweki pa desiki ndi bukhu kuti muwerenge pa desiki
- Pezani kadzutsa ndikuwerenga mwakachetechete mukudya
- Chakudya cham'mawa chikatha, sonkhanitsani zinyalala kuti muyike m'nkhokwe
Msonkhano wa m'mawa
Ndondomeko:
- Maso akuyang'ana
- Makutu akumvetsera
- Manja m'chiuno
- Miyendo yopingasa
Kuchotsedwa
Ndondomeko:
- Yeretsani malo ozungulira desiki yanu
- Tengani malaya ndi chikwama
- Aphunzitsi adzayitanira pamzere (kapena gulu) lomwe ladzaza, lopanda phokoso, ndi lokonzekera kupanga mzere poyamba
- Oyenda ndi okwera pamagalimoto amatuluka mumsewu A
- Okwera mabasi amatuluka mumsewu B
Kuyenda mu kanjira
Ndondomeko:
- Maso patsogolo
- Manja pawekha
- Mawu chete
- Mapazi akuyenda
Kutembenuza Ntchito
Ndondomeko:
- Yang'ananinso dzina pamwamba
- Pitani patsogolo
- Wophunzira kutsogolo kwa mzere amasonkhanitsa ntchito ndi manja kwa aphunzitsi
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuchimbudzi
Ndondomeko:
- Kukweza dzanja ndi zala zopingasa
- Dikirani aphunzitsi avomereze kuti inde
- Tengani chiphaso chosambira
- Yendani kuchimbudzi mwachangu komanso mwakachetechete
- Sambani manja
- Bwererani ku kalasi ndikuyambanso kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete
Kutaya zinyalala/kubwezeretsanso
Ndondomeko:
- Pangani mulu pa desiki yanu
- Dikirani wothandizira zinyalala abwere
- Ikani mulu wanu pang'onopang'ono mumtsuko wa zinyalala
Kupempha thandizo
Ndondomeko:
- Kwezani dzanja mwakachetechete
- Yembekezani moleza mtima kwa mphunzitsi
- Ngati mphunzitsi ali wotanganidwa, yesani kukonza funso lotsatira kapena vuto
Kupeza/Kubweza Malaputopu
Ndondomeko:
- Imani mwakachetechete ndikuyenda kupita kungoloyo
- Chotsani / pulagi mu laputopu yanu pang'onopang'ono
- Gwirani ndi manja awiri
- Yendani kubwerera kumpando wanu
Kupanga mzere
Ndondomeko:
- Kuyang'ana kutsogolo
- Pakamwa chete
- Manja kwa wekha
Kupita ku nkhomaliro
Ndondomeko:
- Mukaitanidwa, tengani chakudya chanu chamasana, ndipo khalani pamzere
- Yendani pansi m'maholo mwakachetechete, ndikusunga mapazi ndi manja pawekha
- Lowani ku cafeteria ndipo ngati mukudya nkhomaliro khalani pamzere
- Mukamaliza kudya, khalani patebulo lomwe mwapatsidwa
- Khalani pansi mpaka atauzidwa kuti muyeretse
- Tayani zinyalala panjira yopita ku mizere potuluka pakhomo
Kunola Pensulo
Ndondomeko:
- Kwezerani chala chimodzi mwakachetechete
- Yembekezerani kuti aphunzitsi anu avomereze kuti inde
- Yendani ku cholembera pensulo ndikunola pensulo
- Bwererani mwakachetechete ku desiki lanu
Zoyeserera zamoto ndi masoka
Ndondomeko:
- Siyani zomwe mukuchita
- Mawu akutuluka, makutu akumvetsera
- Mwamsanga ndi mwakachetechete mufole pakhomo
Tip
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, lembani ndondomeko iliyonse mumndandanda wa manambala wosonyeza ndondomeko yoyenera ya masitepe.
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ngakhale njira zina zitha kugwira ntchito m'makalasi ena, ziyenera kusinthidwa kapena kusinthidwa zina. Ndizodziwika bwino (ndipo ndizovomerezeka) kusintha ndondomeko kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zanu ndi zosowa za ophunzira anu.
Mvetserani pamene Andrew Kwok akukambirana za kukhazikitsa njira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe kapena kulimbikitsa.
Andrew Kwok, PhD
Pulofesa Wothandizira, Dipatimenti Yophunzitsa, Kuphunzira, ndi Chikhalidwe
Texas Yunivesite ya A&M
(nthawi: 2:52)
Zolemba: Andrew Kwok, PhD
Cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomeko ndi njira zofulumizitsa njira zomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse m'kalasi ndikutha kukulitsa nthawi yomwe ophunzira ayenera kuphunzira ndikuchita nawo. Ndikuganiza kuti izi zimafuna malingaliro a ophunzira osati pamachitidwe onse, koma kwa ena omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kapena ovuta kapena angapindule ndikukhala ndi malingaliro ena kuti alimbikitse njira zina zamakalasi. Chomwe chimandivuta kwambiri ndi lingaliro la kuchedwa kapena kusakhalapo chifukwa zidzachitika m'kalasi ndipo aphunzitsi ayenera kuganizira zomwe zingatanthauze ophunzira kuphunzira. Nthawi zambiri, aphunzitsi amangolanga ana asukulu chifukwa chobwera mochedwa m'kalasi. Koma ndikuganiza kuti zimakhala zosiyana mukayamba kuganizira za wophunzirayo komanso gwero la zovutazo. Mwinamwake makolo awo akugwira ntchito zingapo ndipo kuwafikitsa kusukulu m’nthaŵi yake n’kosatheka, kapena pamakhala kuchedwerapo ponena za kufunikira kokhala bwino panthaŵi yake. Chifukwa chake kukhala wokhoza kugwira ntchito ndi wophunzira ameneyo ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi banja kugawana malingaliro anu osunga nthawi komanso kukhala wololera ndikunena kuti, “Chabwino, ndamvetsetsa kuti simungabwere pa nthawi yake chifukwa mukuchoka pashifiti yausiku.” Kodi pali njira yoti musalange wophunzirayo? Kodi tingathe kuthera nthawi yowonjezereka tikaweruka kusukulu? Kodi tingathe kuthera nthawi yachakudya cha masana kuti tikonze zomwe taphonya kapena maphunziro omwe akuchitika? Ine sindikuganiza kuti ophunzira ayenera kulangidwa pa zinthu zimene ndithudi kunja mphamvu zawo. Ndipo kotero kuti aphunzitsi angagwire nawo ntchito kuti alimbikitse zinthu ndikumvetsetsa maziko a zomwe zikuchitika zidzalola kuti mapangidwe a m'kalasi agwirizane ndi chikhalidwe chawo.
Nthawi zambiri, kulabadira zachikhalidwe pazantchito zowongolera m'kalasi kumabweranso pakumvetsetsa gwero la machitidwewa kapena mayendedwe olakwika. Kwa inu, kungakhale khalidwe loipa, koma pamene mphunzitsi amatha kukumba ndikumvetsetsa chifukwa chake zinthu zikuchitika, zomwe zingathe kulola kuti kusintha kuchitike mkati mwa kalasi yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ophunzirawo. Chifukwa chake gawo lake ndikulingalira kwamunthu payekha, koma kutha kukhala kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe komwe kukuchitika kuti magulu ena a ophunzira akuchita mwanjira inayake. Ndipo kotero ziri kwa mphunzitsi kumvetsa chifukwa, mosiyana ndi kukakamiza ophunzirawo kuphunzira kapena kuchita m'njira imene mphunzitsi yekha amafuna. Ndipo kotero kuti adziwe zambiri chifukwa chake zinthu zikuchitika, adzatha kuwongolera bwino m'kalasi.
Kuti mungodziwa
Patsiku lonse la sukulu pali zambiri kusintha, zonse zazikulu (kusuntha kuchokera ku kalasi kupita ku kalasi) ndi zazing'ono (masamu omaliza ndi sayansi yoyambira). Kusintha kosakonzekera kapena kosatheka kungayambitse makhalidwe osokoneza komanso kutaya nthawi ya maphunziro. Mofanana ndi pamene akupanga njira zoyendetsera zochitika ndi zochitika, aphunzitsi ayenera kupereka njira zomveka bwino zosinthira. M'munsimu muli njira zina zomwe zingatheke komanso zitsanzo zothandizira kukonzekera ophunzira kuti asinthe chizolowezi kapena zochitika zina.
kusintha
matanthauzo
| Kusintha Masitepe | Mwachitsanzo |
|
"Ndikufuna maso onse pa ine mu 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1." (Dzanja lakwezedwa mlengalenga, kuwerengera pansi) |
|
"Mumphindi imodzi, tipita ku nkhomaliro." |
|
“Ndikanena kuti ‘yambani,’ ndimafuna kuti aliyense atseke zolembera zanu, aike zonse pa desiki lanu, kukankha mpando wanu, ndi kufola pakhomo.” |
|
"Shelby, kodi mungabwerezenso malangizo anga?" |
|
"Yambani." |
|
"Zikomo kwa ana asukulu anga omwe anali chete akufola. Tsoka ilo, ophunzira ochepa anali kuyankhula. Ndikuwonanso kuti mipando ingapo siyakankhidwira mkati. Chonde bwererani ku madesiki anu. Tiyeni tiyesenso kupanga mzere." |
Bungwe la Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports (PBIS) lapanga kalozera yemwe amalimbikitsa aphunzitsi kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za kusintha kwa ophunzira (monga kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha kunyumba, kuyimba ndi kuyankha, mawu anyimbo). Mchitidwewu umaonetsetsa kuti zikhalidwe za ophunzira onse, miyoyo yawo, ndi zilankhulo za kwawo zikuwonekera m'kalasi tsiku lililonse.
PBIS Cultural Responsiveness Field Guide: Zothandizira Ophunzitsa ndi Ophunzitsa
Njira Zophunzitsira
Kumbukirani
Njira sizingaphunzitsidwe (ndi kuloweza ndi ophunzira) tsiku limodzi kapena sabata imodzi. Chifukwa pali masitepe angapo ofunikira kuti amalize bwino, kuwaphunzira kumatenga nthawi ndikuchita. Aphunzitsi aziwunikanso ndondomeko mchaka chonsecho, makamaka ngati wophunzira mmodzi kapena angapo akuvutika kuwatsatira (mwachitsanzo, “Kumbukirani, njira yathu yosinthira homuweki ndikuyiyika mudengu”).
Ngakhale kupanga njira zomwe zimaloleza ophunzira kuti amalize ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi gawo loyamba lofunikira, njira zophunzitsira ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale malo ophunzirira abata, osasinthasintha omwe amakulitsa maphunziro ndikuchepetsa machitidwe osokoneza. Pansipa pali mndandanda wa masitepe omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti aphunzitse bwino njira zamakalasi:
1: Fotokozerani - Fotokozani njira zofunika kuti mumalize chizolowezi kapena ntchito.
Gawo 2: Kambiranani - Lankhulani za chifukwa chake ndondomekoyi ndi yofunika (mwachitsanzo, kuonetsetsa kuti aliyense ali ndi zofunikira zomwe akufunikira kumayambiriro kwa phunziro).
Gawo 3: Chitsanzo - Sonyezani ndondomekoyi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo ndi zopanda zitsanzo. Dinani apa kuti muwone mphunzitsi wachitsanzo ndikukambirana njira zisanu ndi imodzi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuti ophunzira ake afole ndikuyenda mumsewu.
Gawo 4: Yesani -Awuzeni ophunzira kuti ayesere zomwe akufunikira kuti amalize ntchitoyi, ntchitoyo isanayambe kapena chizolowezi.
Gawo 5: Unikaninso - Mutaphunzitsa njira, bwerezani pafupipafupi.
Tip
ntchito kutamandidwa kwachindunji kulimbikitsa ophunzira omwe achita bwino (mwachitsanzo, "Sam, zikomo poyenda kumanja kwa holo mwakachetechete.").
kutamandidwa kwachindunji
matanthauzo
Nthawi zina ngakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yoganizira sizigwira ntchito monga momwe anakonzera, ngakhale zitagwira ntchito ndi ophunzira zaka zam'mbuyo. Palibe vuto kubwereza ndondomekoyi nthawi ina iliyonse m'chaka. Ngati mutero, onetsetsani kuti mwaphunzitsa momveka bwino Baibulo lokonzedwansoli kwa ophunzira anu, kuonetsetsa kuti mukulitchula, kukambirana, kulichitira chitsanzo, ndi kulichita.
Lori Jackman akufotokoza kuganiza za masitepe ofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchitoyo (ie, kusanthula ntchito) ndi momwe njira ziyenera kuyeretsedwa ngati pakufunika. Kenako, Melissa Patterson akugogomezera kufunikira kophunzitsa momveka bwino ndikuyeserera njira zamakalasi kumayambiriro kwa chaka chasukulu.
kusanthula ntchito
matanthauzo
Lori Jackman, Ed
Anne Arundel County Public Schools, adapuma pantchito
Professional Development Provider
(nthawi: 2:05)
Zolemba: Lori Jackman, EdD
Momwe mungasankhire nthawi yoti mukhazikitse ndondomeko: Ngati pali njira yomwe ingapangitse moyo wanu wophunzitsa kukhala wosavuta, zingathandize kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m'kalasi mwanu - mwachitsanzo, mukudziwa, wophunzira amalandira chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi payekha payekha - ngati mungaganizire za kusanthula ntchito zomwe mukadayenera kuchita ngati mphunzitsi m'kalasi kuti mwana athe kukudziwitsani, tulukani, gwiritsani ntchito bafa, ndikusunganso nthawi yanu yophunzirira ndikusunganso nthawi yophunzirira. tsiku.
Ndiye ngati muwona kuti pali njira yopangira njira yochepetsera moyo wanu, auzeni anawo njira zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika, amenewo ndi malo abwino ochitirako. Njira zina zodziwika bwino ndizoti ana agwiritse ntchito chowolera mapensulo, kugwiritsa ntchito chipinda chosungiramo zinthu zakale, momwe angalembetsere nkhomaliro, kuyang'ana kuti apite m'mawa, kutembenuza homuweki - zonsezi ndizinthu zomwe ngati mutha kubwera ndi masitepe kuti zichitike bwino, mukagwira ntchito ndi ophunzira kuwathandiza kumvetsetsa ndiye zimangochitika zokha, ndipo zimakupulumutsirani kudziwa zomwe zimakuchitikirani komanso zomwe zimakuwongolerani. Amadziwa masitepewo. Ngati mwayamba kale chaka chanu chasukulu ndipo mwina muli ndi njira yolowera m'makhoseji kapena kulembetsa nkhomaliro ndikuzindikira kuti zinthu sizikuyenda bwino monga mukuyenda kuchokera ku kalasi imodzi kupita kwina, kapena kuti kuwapanga pamzere kumapeto kwa tsiku kuti ayende m'njira zopita mabasi sakuyenda momwe mukuganizira kuti zingatheke, chimenecho chingakhale nthawi yochitira izi.
Si zachilendo mukayika ndondomeko kuti pakhale kufunikira kokonzanso pamsewu, koma kusanthula ntchito, kugwira ntchito ndi ophunzira kuti amvetse zomwe zikuyembekezeka, kuwapangitsa kuti azizichita asanazifunire, ndikupindula, kuzindikira pamene anthu akuchita zomwe mukufunikira kuti azichita komanso mu dongosolo lovomerezeka lingathandize kukonza zinthu.
Zolemba: Melissa Patterson
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, timatenga milungu iwiri yoyambilira tikulimbikira, kuyeserera kachitidwe m'kalasi kuti amvetsetse momwe zikuyendera patsogolo. Akalowa ndipo belu lilira, ndimayambiranso tsikulo. Tonse timabwerera panja. Timayeserera kubwera kuchipinda. Kodi izo zikuwoneka bwanji? Kupita ku desiki lakutsogolo, ndikugwira kope lanu, kukhala pansi, kuyamba kutentha kwanu. Ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta tsiku limenelo, timapeza bwanji makompyutawo? Kumayambiriro kwa chaka, ndidzawapatsa kompyuta yokhala ndi manambala. Iwo adzakwera mmwamba. Nambala wani imapita poyamba. Iwo amakhala pansi. Nambala yachiwiri imapita. Timayeserera kuzibweza. Ngakhale ngati sitinagwiritse ntchito makompyuta, tikungochita zimenezi. Amapeza dongosolo la zomwe angayembekezere sabata iliyonse komanso tsiku lililonse. Izi ndi zomwe tichite choyamba, chachiwiri, chachitatu, kukhala ndi ndondomekoyi pa bolodi kuti iwo aone kuti azolowere lingalirolo. Choncho, ngakhale kuti zinali zopweteka kwambiri, tinkachita zimenezi tsiku lililonse kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira ya kusukulu. Iwo ankadziwa momwe kutentha kumawonekera, momwe kudzakhazikitsidwira, nthawi yayitali bwanji yomwe amayenera kumaliza kutenthako asanasamuke ku ntchito yotsatira, zomwe angachite ngati sanamalize nthawi yake, momwe angakonzekere nthawi ya ntchito zodzoladzola, momwe angandigwiritsire ntchito ngati ali ndi mafunso. Zonse zinali zinthu zomwe zinali zowakwiyitsa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa chaka koma pambuyo pa kotala yoyamba ija zinathandizadi kuti maphunziro a m'kalasi ayende. Kaya zinali za mphindi 45 kapena ola ndi theka kwa nthawi ya kalasi imeneyo, iwo ankadziwa mmene angakwaniritsire zimene anafunikira kuchita.
Ziwonetsero Zofufuza
- Makalasi okhala ndi njira zodziwikiratu ndi zozolowera amakhala ndi milingo yotsika ya machitidwe ovuta a ophunzira.
(Simonsen, Putnam, Yaneck, Evanovich, Shaw, Shuttleton, Morris, & Mitchell, 2020) - Njira zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri ngati ophunzira aphunzitsidwa momveka bwino momwe angachitire zinthu zinazake ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuperekedwa. ndemanga yokonza.
(Simonsen, Yanek, Sugai, & Borgmeier, 2020)xndemanga yokonza
matanthauzo
- Aphunzitsi akamaphunzitsa momveka bwino ndi kutsanzira njira za m'kalasi, ophunzira amatha kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe lawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitsatira machitidwe ndi machitidwe.
(Harbour, Evanovich, Sweigart, & Hughes, 2015; Simonen, Putnam, Yaneck, Evanovich, Shaw, Shuttleton, Morris, & Mitchell, 2020)
ntchito
Tsopano ndi nthawi yanu kuti mupange njira zina zamakalasi anu. Mutha kupanga njira za m'kalasi mwanu (aphunzitsi apano) kapena mulingo womwe mukuyembekeza kudzaphunzitsa tsiku lina (aphunzitsi amtsogolo). Kugwiritsa ntchito mafunso amene ali m’bokosi lomwe lili pamwamba pa tsamba lino—N’chifukwa Chiyani? Kuti? Chani? WHO? Liti? Bwanji? - pezani njira zosachepera zitatu (3) zomwe ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa kwa ophunzira anu kuti kalasi yanu iziyenda bwino.
