Kodi aphunzitsi angapange bwanji maphunziro awo pa intaneti?
Tsamba 3: Kuwunika
Zambiri patsambali zidasinthidwa kuchokera ku zomwe zafalitsidwa ndi Vanderbilt University's Center for Teaching (CFT), kuphatikiza:
- Kuwunika Maphunziro a Ophunzira, Bandi, J.
- Kupanga Kuwunika Kwapaintaneti kwa Maphunziro a Ophunzira Mwachangu, Johnson, SM
Tsopano popeza mwapanga zolinga ndi zolinga za maphunziro anu, ndi nthawi yoti mugwire gawo lachiwiri la mapangidwe obwerera m'mbuyo: kuganizira zowunika zomwe mudzagwiritse ntchito kuti muwone momwe ophunzira akwanitsa zolingazo. Kuyeza momwe ophunzira amagwirira ntchito kumatha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kokhazikika komanso kosakhazikika, kuphatikiza homuweki, ntchito zapakalasi, mayeso, kapena mapulojekiti. Kaya kuwunika kokhazikika kapena kosakhazikika, kothandiza kungathenso:
- Dziwani njira zomwe mungafikire ndikupereka malangizo
- Kukuthandizani kukonzekera malangizo omwe amagwirizana bwino ndi zosowa za ophunzira, kenako ndikuwongolera zotsatira zamaphunziro
- Thandizani ophunzira kudziwa ngati ali panjira kapena ayi
M'mafunso awa, a Joe Bandy amapereka malingaliro ena pakusankha zida zowunikira.
Joe Bandy, PhD
Mtsogoleri Wothandizira, Center for Education
University of Vanderbilt
Joe Bandy, PhD
Malingaliro ndi machenjezo a mafunso ndi mayeso pa intaneti
Chabwino, ndingayambe ndi kuphunzira kasamalidwe ka maphunziro kapena kasamalidwe ka maphunziro omwe bungwe lanu likugwiritsa ntchito popeza kuti ndi malo omwe angakhale ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri. Ma LMS—machitidwe oyendetsera maphunziro—ndi ochuluka zedi. Ali ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe zimapitilira kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati malo owerengera kapena masilabi. Ngati muwakumba, kapena mukuphunzira nawo maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri, mukhoza kuona kuti nthawi zambiri amatha kufunsa mafunso, kufufuza, zokambirana, ma blogs, rubrics, grading, mabuku a kalasi ndi zina zomwe zingathandize mu zitsanzo zowunikira zomwe mlangizi aliyense angafune kugwiritsa ntchito. Mkati mwake, ndinganene kuti matabwa okambilana ndiwothandiza makamaka kuti ophunzira ayankhe zomwe akufunsidwa powerenga komanso mafunso apakati pamaphunzirowa, komanso kuwapangitsa kugawana malingaliro mwanjira yolemba kapena makanema kapena zomvera zomwe zimatha kumanga gulu lophunzirira wina ndi mnzake. Atha kukwanitsa ntchito zachidule komanso zachidule, zomwe ndi, magawo kapena magawo osasinthika, kulola mitundu yonse yamaphunziro olumikizana komanso ogwirizana ndi ophunzira.
Lingaliro linanso ndi la maphunziro omwe amayang'ana kwambiri polemba. Ntchito zolembera zitha kuperekedwa ngati zolemba mumayendedwe owongolera maphunziro. Ndipo iwo akhoza kukhalapo ku faculty kapena atha kugawidwa m'njira zamakambirano, zomwe ndi zabwino kuti ziwunikenso anzawo. Pali zida zowunikira anzawo zomwe ndizothandiza kwambiri. Choncho Peerceptiv ndi chida chimodzi chimene aphunzitsi angakonde. Ndi nsanja yomwe ophunzira amatha kutumiza mapepala ndikungopatsidwa anzawo omwe amawunikanso mapepalawo ndikuwunikanso kuchuluka kwa anzawo omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Ndipo kupatsidwa mitundu ya ndemanga zomwe anzawo amapeza, izi zimatulutsidwa mu lipoti. Imapita kwa mlangizi ndipo mlangizi atha kuigwiritsa ntchito momwe angafune kuyesa kapena kuwunika momwe ophunzira ayenera kukhalira.
Joe Bandy, PhD
Njira zoyamba
Ndinenanso kuti pali alangizi ambiri omwe amakonda mafunso ndi mayeso, ndipo mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kasamalidwe ka maphunziro anu kuti muchite zimenezo. Kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yamapulatifomu ngati Gradescope, yomwe imapereka nsanja yosinthira magawo ngati mafunso ndi seti yamavuto, ndipo ndiyotchuka kwambiri m'magawo a STEM. Liwu limodzi, komabe, lokhudza mafunso ndi mayeso pa intaneti ndikuti mayeso otsekedwa anthawi yayitali ndi ovuta pa intaneti chifukwa pali zovuta zolumikizirana kwa ophunzira komanso nkhani za kukhulupirika pamaphunziro ndi ophunzira omwe amaphunzirira kunyumba komwe mayeso sangayesedwe munthawi yake komanso momwe angakhalire maso ndi maso. Zonsezi zimabweretsa mavuto, ndipo ndikuwona ophunzira akuchulukirachulukira kuchoka pamayeso otsekedwa anthawi yake ndikupita kumabuku otseguka kapena zolemba zosawerengeka. Izi zimawalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito asakatuli otsekera kapena njira zolumikizirana pa intaneti zomwe, ngakhale zilipo ndipo nthawi zina zimagwira ntchito bwino, nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi zovuta. Chifukwa chake kusamukira ku bukhu lotseguka, mayeso osawerengeka amalepheretsa zosowa za zinthu zotere ndipo nthawi zambiri amapereka njira zowunikira ophunzira zomwe zimakulitsa mwayi wophunzira.
Ndikofunika kwambiri popanga maphunziro a pa intaneti kuti mugwirizane ndi njira zanu zowunikira ndi zida ndi zolinga zanu zophunzirira. Ngati mukudziwa zomwe mukufuna kuti ophunzira akwaniritse (zolinga zaphunziro), mudzatha kudziwa ngati adachita (kuwunika). Kuti tiyambe kuchita izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa cholinga chomwe kuwunikaku kungagwire ntchito. Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa mitundu itatu yodziwika bwino ya kuwunika, iliyonse ili ndi cholinga chosiyana, ndipo imapereka zitsanzo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana kapena mosagwirizana.
| Mtundu/Cholinga | Tanthauzo | zitsanzo |
| Kuwunika kwa matenda |
Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa pre-assessment, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aphunzitsi pamaso malangizo ku:
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| Kuwunika kwamaphunziro |
Kuwunika kosalekeza kwa maphunziro a ophunzira panthawi yamaphunziro kungagwiritsidwe ntchito:
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| Kuwunika mwachidule |
Kuunikira komwe kumayendetsedwa pambuyo pa maphunziro kungagwiritsidwe ntchito:
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Kupanga Mapulani Owunika Athunthu, Oyenera
Kukumba mozama: Kuwunika ophunzira
Zomwe zili m'munsimu, zochokera ku Vanderbilt University's Center for Teaching, zimapereka malingaliro ozama, malingaliro, ndi maupangiri osankha ndi kukulitsa zowunika za ophunzira.
Kupanga dongosolo lowunika bwino lomwe lidzakuthandizani kuwonetsetsa kuti mukuphatikiza mitundu itatu ya mayeso omwe takambirana pamwambapa pamaphunziro apaintaneti komanso osakanizidwa. Mukamapanga pulani iyi muyenera kutsimikizira kuti zowunikirazo:
- Gwirizanitsani ndi zolinga za maphunziro anu ndi zolinga za maphunziro
- Perekani zidziwitso zomwe zingatsogolere malangizo
- Perekani ndemanga zokwanira kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira kuti awonetsetse kuti ophunzira ali panjira yokwaniritsa zolinga za maphunziro
- Yezerani maphunziro a ophunzira kuti mudziwe momwe angakwaniritsire zolinga zamaphunziro
Komanso, posankha kuwunika, muyenera kuganizira mozama pafunso lililonse ili:
- Kodi kuunikaku kumawona ndi/kapena kuyeza zochita za ophunzira?
- Mwanjira ina, kuyesa kulikonse kuyenera:
- Funsani ophunzira kuti agwiritse ntchito zomwe aphunzira kumene ndi maluso awo (mwachitsanzo, powagwiritsa ntchito, kuwapenda, kapena kupanga china chatsopano)
- Yezerani momwe ophunzira apindulira ndi zotsatira za maphunziro
- Kodi kuwunikaku kukugwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi kapena zingapo zophunzirira?
- Pogwirizanitsa mayeso ndi zolinga za maphunziro, mumaonetsetsa kuti:
- Mukuyesa zotsatira (mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso ndi luso lomwe mwalozera)
- Mukuyang'anira ngati ophunzira ali okonzeka kupita ku luso lina (ie, scaffolding)
- Ophunzira amatha kutsata momwe akupita patsogolo pamaphunzirowa
- Kodi dongosolo lanu limaphatikizapo mitundu yosakanikirana yoyenera?
- Dongosolo lanu liyenera kuphatikizapo:
- Kuwunika, kusanthula, ndi kuwunika mwachidule
- Ntchito komanso mafunso ndi mayeso
Mafunso osinthidwa kuchokera ku University of California, Davis, module series.
Zida Zowunika
Mukangopanga dongosolo lanu lowunika ndikudziwa mitundu ya zowunika zomwe mudzagwiritse ntchito, ndinu okonzeka kuzindikira zida zowunikira. Mungafune kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zikuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lanu lophunzirira (LMS), ngakhale mutha kuphatikizanso zida zakunja. Ziribe kanthu, khalani anzeru pazida zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Ndi bwino kuyamba ndi chida chimodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe mumazidziwa bwino kapena mumadzidalira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Zida zambiri zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, m'pamenenso mudzafunika kupereka chithandizo chochulukirapo kwa ophunzira - atha kukhala ndi njira yophunzirira kapena amafunikira thandizo lanu kuti agwiritse ntchito chida chatsopano chilichonse.
Zida Zowunika
The Blended & Online Learning Design (BOLD) Fellows Programme—mgwirizano pakati pa Center for Teaching and Center for Integration of Research, Teaching, and Learning pa yunivesite ya Vanderbilt—imapereka kusanthula kwa zida zapaintaneti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pophunzira pa intaneti ndi zowunika. Kuti muwone zambiri izi, pitani ku Tsamba la BOLD Fellows Tools. Kenako, dinani "Zida" pansi menyu ndikusankha njira yowunikira (mwachitsanzo, kufunsa mafunso, zolemba) zomwe mukufuna. Kuchokera pamenepo mupeza zambiri za njirayo, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zabwino ndi zoyipa, komanso zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zitheke pamaphunziro anu.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zakugwiritsa ntchito mafunso kapena mayeso mu LMS yanu, sankhani imodzi mwamaulalo pansipa.
Nsonga
Mukamaphunzitsa pa intaneti kapena maphunziro osakanizidwa, muyenera kuganizira zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi zolinga zanu zophunzirira. Kupitilira apo, mungafune kuganizira zotsatirazi.
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- Sinthani nthawi yanu ndikusintha ngati kuli kotheka. Kuyika pa intaneti kumatha kukhala nthawi yambiri, koma pali zida zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa izi.
- Yang'anani zida zanu kuti muwone ngati zikulolani kuti mulembetu ndemanga zomwe mungapatse ophunzira angapo.
- Ganizirani kupereka ndemanga zomvetsera ndi mavidiyo kwa ophunzira. Izi zitha kukhala zaumwini kwambiri ndikuthandizira kulimbitsa ubale wanu ndi iwo. Chitsime: Johnson, S., Kupanga Kuwunika Kwapaintaneti kwa Maphunziro a Ophunzira Mwachangu.
- Kuchulukitsa kubweza kwanu pazachuma. Ngati mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zapaintaneti pamaphunziro anu, ganizirani:
- Zida zomwe mukudziwa bwino
- Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chidziwitso chanu chomwe muli nacho
- Zida ziti zomwe zingakupatseni chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa ophunzira
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Ngati nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito mayeso amtundu wina pamasom'pamaso, koma zida zomwe zimafunikira kuti muwunikenso mtundu womwewo pa intaneti ndizovuta kwambiri, lingalirani ngati ikadali ndalama yabwino kuti mupitilize mayeso anu omwe alipo. Ngati sichoncho, mutha kusankha kusintha (mwachitsanzo, kuchoka pamayeso a chinthu chimodzi kupita ku pepala lowunikira; kuchokera pakuwunika momwe kagwirira ntchito kupita ku mafunso apa intaneti). Chitsime: Johnson, S., Kupanga Kuwunika Kwapaintaneti kwa Maphunziro a Ophunzira Mwachangu.
- Sinthani nthawi yanu ndikusintha ngati kuli kotheka. Kuyika pa intaneti kumatha kukhala nthawi yambiri, koma pali zida zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa izi.
Kuti mungodziwa
Ngakhale zitha kutenga nthawi kuti mulowetse mayeso omwe alipo mu LMS yanu, mukatero pali zabwino zingapo:
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- Kugoletsa nokha kumakupulumutsirani nthawi ndikupatseni ophunzira mayankho anthawi yomweyo.
- Zigoli zoyesa zitha kukwezedwa ku gradebook yanu, ndikukupulumutsirani nthawi.
- Zambiri zowunikira zinthu zimakuthandizani kuwunika ndikuwongolera mafunso anu oyesa.
- Ma analytics oyesa omwe amawonetsa mafunso omwe nthawi zambiri amaphonya angakuthandizeni kuzindikira zomwe mungafune kuyambiranso. Mungaganizirenso mfundo zimenezi ulendo wina mukadzaphunzitsa maphunzirowo.
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- Funsani thandizo. Dziwani kuti: Si inu nokha amene mukukumana ndi zovuta pakuwunika pa intaneti. Lumikizanani ndi anzako omwe ali ndi zovuta zofananira kapena maphunziro amtundu wofananira ku mayankho a crowdsource. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza zida zomwe zilipo mu LMS yanu, yang'anani zomwe mukufuna kapena zothandizira zomwe zikupezeka ku koleji kapena kuyunivesite yanu. Chitsime: Johnson, S., Kupanga Kuwunika Kwapaintaneti kwa Maphunziro a Ophunzira Mwachangu.
- Lembani mafunso oyesa. Mayeso apa intaneti akuyenera kutsindika mafunso ophatikizika pa mafunso okumbukira omwe mayankho ake ndi osavuta kupeza kudzera pakusaka pa intaneti.
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Kukumba mozama: Kuwunika ophunzira
- Zida Zopangira Magalasi - Zitsanzo za Rubriki ndi Maspredishiti Yunivesite ya Vanderbilt, Center for Teaching
Tsindikani ntchito yopangidwa ndi ophunzira. Mukagawira magiredi pamaphunziro apaintaneti, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzipereka kulemera kwambiri pantchito yopangidwa ndi ophunzira kuposa mayeso kapena mayeso apa intaneti. Mukamapanga ndi kukweza ntchito yopangidwa ndi ophunzira, ma rubriki amatha kukhala chida chothandiza. Mapulatifomu ambiri ophunzirira pa intaneti amathandizira alangizi kupanga ndikugawana ma rubriki ndi ophunzira mosavuta.
- Sungani kukhulupirika kwamaphunziro pamayeso. Pali zida zingapo zothandizira kuti mayeso anu apa intaneti akhale otetezeka komanso/kapena kuletsa ophunzira kubera. Mwachitsanzo, LMS yanu ingaphatikizepo chida chomwe chimazindikira zochitika zakuba. Kuphatikiza apo, mafunso ambiri a LMS osankha kapena ma jenereta amakulolani kusankha chinthu ndikuyankha mosasintha. Izi zimapanga mayeso apadera a wophunzira aliyense.
Kuti mungodziwa
- Aphunzitsi akuyenera kuwunika maphunziro a ophunzira kudzera m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti ophunzira asakumane ndi zopinga chifukwa cha komwe amachokera, luso lawo, kulumala, kapena luso laukadaulo. Aphunzitsi akuyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwunika kuli koyenera popeza wophunzira aliyense ali ndi zomwe akufunikira kuti apambane, kuphatikiza zothandizira, miyezo yoyenera, maphunziro, ndi chithandizo.
Chitsanzo Ndondomeko Yachitukuko cha Maphunziro: Zowunika
Tsopano popeza takambirana za kusankha zowunika ndikupanga dongosolo lowunika, tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo zina.
ntchito
Gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mwaphunzira patsamba lino kuti mupange dongosolo lowunika ndikusankha zoyeserera zanu.
- Konzani ndondomeko yowunika ya cholinga chimodzi cha maphunziro ndi zolinga zomwe zikugwirizana nazo. Pitirizani kugwiritsa ntchito template yomwe mudatsitsako Page 2 ndi zomwe mudalowamo zolinga za maphunziro ndi zolinga za maphunziro.
- Onetsetsani kuti dongosolo lanu likuganizira izi:
- Kodi kuunikaku kumawona ndi/kapena kuyeza zochita za ophunzira?
- Kodi kuwunikaku kukugwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi kapena zingapo zophunzirira?
- Kodi dongosolo lanu limaphatikizapo mitundu yosakanikirana yoyenera?
- Onani LMS yanu ndikusankha chida chowunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito pakuwunika kwanu m'kalasi. Yesani kwa anzanu, anzanu, kapena othandizira aphunzitsi. Kodi zidayenda momwe mumayembekezera? Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito chida china kuyesa kuphunzira kwa ophunzira?
