Kukhulupirika kwa Kukwaniritsa: Kusankha ndi Kukhazikitsa Zochita ndi Mapulogalamu Otengera Umboni (Zosungidwa)
Womba mkota
Ogwira ntchito kusukulu akasankha zochita kapena pulogalamu yozikidwa pa umboni, ayenera kukhala ndi dongosolo lowonetsetsa kuti likukwaniritsidwa ndi kukhulupirika. Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito mokhulupirika kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito kapena pulogalamuyo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe ogwira ntchito kusukulu angachite kuti awonjezere mwayi woti agwiritse ntchito mchitidwe watsopano kapena pulogalamuyo mokhulupirika kwambiri. Zochita izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukhazikitsa gulu lothandizira
- Ophunzitsa ogwira ntchito momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mchitidwe kapena pulogalamuyo
- Kupereka maphunziro opitilira ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa mchitidwe kapena pulogalamuyo
- Gwiritsani ntchito zolemba zomwe zilipo kale kapena pangani malangizo omveka bwino oyendetsera ntchitoyi
- Kuyang'anira ndi kuwunika kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsidwa
Cynthia Alexander akuwunikira zinthu zina zofunika zomwe zimakhudza kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsa (nthawi: 1:35).
Cynthia Alexander
NIUSI-LeadScape Principal
Evans Elementary School
Memphis, TN
Zolemba: Cynthia Alexander
Akuluakulu akudziwa za zovuta zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa kukhulupirika. Limodzi mwamavuto ndiloti pali kusintha kwakukulu m'mapulogalamu m'masukulu. Sitimawapatsa nthawi yambiri kuti adziwe ngati akugwira ntchito bwino kapena ayi, chifukwa m'maphunziro timakhala ndi chizolowezi chofuna kuchita zazikulu komanso zaposachedwa. Choncho, nthawi zina, kukhulupirika si njira. Zonse zimadalira nthawi yomwe mumamatira ndi chinachake. Kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi zomwe ndimatcha "kukhazikika," ndikofunikira kukhala ndi dongosolo, ndipo simungangonena kuti izi ndi zomwe tikuchita, iyi ndi njira yomwe tikupita. Zothandizira zomwe zidzaperekedwe ndikukhala ndi zizindikiro zapadera ndi zowunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zoyembekeza zakhazikitsidwa momveka bwino ndikutsatiridwa. Kukhulupirika pakukhazikitsa kumafunanso kuwunika. Nthawi zambiri m’masukulu sakhala opambana chifukwa chounikiracho chilibe malo, ndiyeno mumayenera kufotokozera aphunzitsi kapena antchito anu kuti simukuwayang’anira kuti muwaone, kapena simukuwayang’anira kuti muwagwire akuchita zoipa. Mukuyang'anira kuti muwonetsetse kuti pulogalamuyi ikuwapatsa mwayi wochita bwino. Nthawi zina ndi kukhulupirika pakukhazikitsa, vuto ndilakuti palibe kumvetsetsa pamlingo wakalasi. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pali maphunziro opitilira kuwonetsetsa kuti aphunzitsi ali ndi mwayi wofotokozera zomwe amayembekeza zomwe akuyembekezera, zotsatira zenizeni zidzakhala zotani, ndiyeno zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera mkalasi kapena wophunzira aliyense.
Dinani chizindikiro chilichonse m'munsimu kuti mutsirize chaka choyamba cha sukuluyi pokhazikitsa pulogalamu yatsopano komanso momwe kukhulupirika kumakhudzira zotsatira za ophunzira.
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Mapeto Pambuyo pa Chaka Choyamba Chokhazikitsidwa
Paige Elementary School
Pamene adayamba kuyang'anira momwe ophunzira awo akuyendera, aphunzitsi angapo a Paige Elementary School anavutika ndi machitidwe atsopano. Ena anali ndi vuto loyendetsa ma probes, ena adakumana ndi vuto lolowetsa deta mu pulogalamu ya pakompyuta, ndipo ochepa adawona kuti gawo la bungwe ndi lotopetsa. Kumbali inayi, aphunzitsi adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito deta ya mlungu ndi mlungu kunawathandiza kuti ayankhe bwino zosowa za ophunzira awo. Gulu lokhazikitsa ku Paige Elementary linapereka chithandizo chopitirirabe kupyolera mwa kuphunzitsa ndipo chigawo chinapereka magawo ophunzitsira ndi maphunziro olimbikitsa chaka chonse. Deta ya Fidelity idawonetsa kuti:
- Kumapeto kwa semesita yoyamba, aphunzitsi ambiri anali kutsata kuwunika momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndi 85 peresenti kukhulupirika kapena kupitilira apo.
- Pofika kumapeto kwa semester yachiwiri, onse mwa aphunzitsi anali kuchita mokhulupirika 85 peresenti kapena kuposa
M’chaka choyamba chimenechi cha kukhazikitsidwa, ogwira ntchito pasukulu sanakwaniritse cholinga chawo chakuti 75 peresenti ya ophunzira awo azikhoza kukhoza kapena kupitirira pa mlingo woyambira pa mayeso oyenerera owerengera a pachaka. Komabe, adawona kupindula kwakukulu pakuwerengera kwa ophunzira m'makalasi onse - 68 peresenti ya ophunzira awo adapeza masukulu kapena pamwamba pamlingo woyambira pamayeso owerengera okhazikika pachaka. Zonsezi, aphunzitsi a Paige Elementary amakhulupirira kuti kuwunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera kwayenda bwino ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti akwaniritsa--ndipo mwina kupitilira--chofuna chawo chaka chamawa.
Mvetserani pamene Lynn Fuchs akulimbikitsa kufunikira kokhazikitsa mchitidwe kapena pulogalamu monga idapangidwira (nthawi: 1:11).
Lynn Fuchs, PhD
National Center on Response to Intervention
Zolemba: Lynn Fuchs, PhD
Kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsa n'kofunika chifukwa mukangosankha mchitidwe wapamwamba kwambiri, kaya kuunika kapena kuphunzitsa, kumapereka chidziwitso cholondola chodalirika kapena kumabweretsa mitundu ya zotsatira zabwino za ophunzira zomwe mukuyembekeza kulimbikitsa. Sukulu ikapanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga momwe kafukufuku adagwiritsira ntchito njirazo ndiye kuti sizingatheke kuti sukuluyo ipeza zotsatira zomwe zalembedwa m'maphunzirowo. Chifukwa chake sukulu iyenera kutsatira malangizo omwe ogulitsa mayeso kapena machitidwe ophunzitsira amawauza kuti akuyimira momwe chidacho chimapangidwira kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndipo chidacho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'njira zimenezo kuti wogwiritsa ntchito ayembekezere kuti chidacho chitulutsa chidziwitso chapamwamba kapena zotsatira zapamwamba za ana.
(Tsekani gulu ili)
Mapeto Pambuyo pa Chaka Choyamba Chokhazikitsidwa
Grafton Middle School
Pamene Grafton Middle School idagula pulogalamu yowerengera zaka zingapo zapitazo, ogwira ntchito pasukulu adakhumudwa kuti zotsatira za kuwerenga kwa ophunzira sizinali bwino. Chifukwa chakuti pulogalamuyo inkawoneka yodzifotokozera yokha, poyamba adaganiza kuti asapereke maphunziro okhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake. Ngakhale kuti aphunzitsi a ku Grafton Middle School sanachite bwino kwambiri ndi pulogalamuyi m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa gulu la ogwira ntchitoyo adatsimikizira kuti pulogalamu yowerengerayo inali yochokera ku umboni ndipo yasonyezedwa kuti ndi yothandiza ndi magulu a ophunzira ofanana ndi a Grafton. Pambuyo polankhula ndi aphunzitsi angapo, gululo linanena kuti kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa pulogalamuyi kunalibe kukhulupirika. Gululo likuganiza kuti PD yeniyeni ndi chithandizo chopitilira chingathandize aphunzitsi kukhazikitsa pulogalamuyi monga momwe amafunira. Zotsatira zake, maphunziro ndi chithandizo chasintha kwambiri. Tsopano popeza aphunzitsi akugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi mokhulupirika, chiwerengero cha ophunzira chawonjezeka kwambiri.
Joe Torgensen akugogomezera kufunika kophunzitsidwa, kuthandizira kosalekeza, ndi kuyang'anira kulimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsa (nthawi: 1:16).
Joseph Torgesen, PhD
Florida Center for Reading Research
Zolemba: Joseph Torgesen, PhD
Akuluakulu ndi atsogoleri ena akuyenera kuchita chilichonse chofunikira pophunzitsa, kulimbikitsa, kulimbikitsa aphunzitsi kukhazikitsa mapologalamu apamwamba mokhulupirika. Ndipo maphunziro ndi chinthu chomwe sichinganyalanyazidwe. Pulogalamu yabwino yowerengera nthawi zambiri imafuna mitundu yatsopano ya chilankhulo kwa aphunzitsi, njira zatsopano zofotokozera zinthu. Ndithudi, njira zatsopano zowonetsera makhalidwe, njira zatsopano zowunikira momwe ophunzira amachitira. Ndipo onse amalukidwa pamodzi m’makhalidwe ovuta, ndipo sizomveka kuganiza kuti aphunzitsi angotenga izi poyang’ana buku la aphunzitsi. Amafunikiradi zitsanzo. Monga momwe ana amafunikira zitsanzo zosinthira khalidwe lawo, aphunzitsi amafunikira zitsanzo zosinthira khalidwe lawo. Ngati mwachita ntchitoyo kuti musankhe pulogalamu yolimba, zikuwoneka ngati zopusa kwambiri kuti musapite sitepe yotsatira ndikuphunzitsa ndikuthandizira kuti mfundo zazikulu za pulogalamuyi zitsatidwe ndi aphunzitsi onse pasukulu. Akuluakulu amangofunika kuzindikira kuti kusankha pulogalamuyo si chinthu chokhacho chomwe akuyenera kuchita. Pali maphunziro ofunikira kwambiri, chithandizo, ndi kuwunikira zomwe zikuyenera kutsatira kuti aphunzitsi onse apindule ndikupindula pogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe apatsidwa.
(Tsekani gulu ili)
Mapeto Pambuyo pa Chaka Choyamba Chokhazikitsidwa
DuBois High School
DuBois High School idakali m'magawo oyamba a PBIS pasukulu yonse. M'chaka choyamba, ogwira ntchito pasukulu adakhazikitsa gulu la PBIS, adapanga ndondomeko yoti achite, ndipo adalandira "kugula" kuchokera kwa oposa 80 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito pasukulu. Komanso m'chaka choyambachi, odzipereka khumi ochokera ku DuBois adachita nawo maphunziro a PBIS. Atabwerera, anayamba kugwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito kusukulu otsalawo kuti akhazikitse ziyembekezo za khalidwe la sukulu, kupanga malamulo a m'kalasi, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera khalidwe lokhazikika, ndi kusankha njira yobwezera khalidwe loyenera. Kukonzekera koyambirira kumeneku ndi kamangidwe kamene kamayikidwa mu ndondomeko ya PBIS kunakhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera mwamphamvu. Kuwunika kwina kwa gulu lokhazikitsa ndi chigawo kwathandiza kuthetsa mavuto ndi kulimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwakukulu.
Pomwe m'mbuyomu, a DuBois anali ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amatumizidwa kuofesi komanso kuyimitsidwa, sukuluyi ikuwona kuchepa kwa zolakwa izi chifukwa cha kasamalidwe kabwino ka m'kalasi komanso m'malo omwe si akalasi. Kuonjezera apo, ophunzira akuwonetsa kuti amakonda njira yatsopano yobweretsera khalidwe loyenera ndipo, chifukwa chake, nyengo yabwino ya sukulu ikuwoneka ikukula. Kusintha kwakhala kwapang'onopang'ono koma kosasunthika, ndipo ogwira ntchito kusukulu ali ndi chiyembekezo kuti masinthidwe abwino apitilira. Chifukwa chazovuta za PBIS, ogwira ntchito kusukulu akuyembekeza kuti zidzatenga zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu kuti akwaniritse PBIS ku DuBois.
George Sugai akukambirana za ubale pakati pa kukhulupirika, zotulukapo zabwino za ophunzira, ndi kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali (nthawi: 1:47).
George Sugai, PhD
Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports
Zolemba: George Sugai, PhD
Kukhulupirika kwa kukhazikitsa ndikofunikira pazifukwa zingapo. Kudziwa momwe munthu akugwiritsidwira ntchito bwino komanso momwe akuchitirapo kanthu kapena mchitidwewu ndikofunikira chifukwa tiyenera kudziwa ngati tikukhudzidwa kapena ayi. Tikufunadi kudziwa ngati tikuwongolera bwino zotsatira za ophunzira, nafenso. Tilinso ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa ngati zotsatira zomwe talonjezedwa ndi mchitidwewu zakwaniritsidwa ndi ife omwe tikuchita. Ndipo ngati tikuyenera kupanga zowonjezera pakukhazikitsa, tikudziwa kuti zikukhudzabe zotsatira za ophunzira. Chinthu chimodzi chomwe taphunzira m'mabuku oyendetsera ntchito ndikuti kuwongolera mosalekeza ndi gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa. Mukufuna kuchita bwino ndikuchitapo kanthu ndikusungabe zotsatira zomwezo, chifukwa ndizosapeŵeka kuti kulowererapo kwina kapena njira ina ibwere kusukulu ndikupikisana ndi nthawi ndi zothandizira. Chifukwa chake tiyenera kudziwa momwe tingapitirizire kukhalabe ndi zotsatira zofananira za ana powonjezera luso lomwe mchitidwewo umagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa kumachitika mu magawo. Ndi izi kuzindikira gawo za zomwe ziri zofunika, ndiye pali izi yesani ndikuwona ngati ingagwire ntchito ndiyeno pali ichi tiyeni tipite kwa izo ndi kuziyika izo ndiyeno pali mlingo wotsiriza umene uli kuchita mwachilungamo komanso mokhazikika. Chilichonse mwa magawo amenewo chimafuna kuti dongosolo likhazikitse zida zothandizira. Kotero izo zimakhala zokhazikika. Taphunzira kuti zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi 18 mpaka 24 kuti sukulu iyambe mwachilungamo, koma zimatengera miyezi 36-48 kuti mchitidwewu ukhale chizolowezi kotero kuti chitha kugwedezeka ndi zina zotero.
(Tsekani gulu ili)
Kubwereranso Malingaliro Oyamba
Ganiziraninso mayankho anu ku mafunso omwe ali koyambirira kwa gawoli. Pambuyo pofufuza za Perspectives & Resources, kodi mumavomerezabe mayankhowo? Ngati sichoncho, ndi mbali ziti za iwo omwe mungasinthe?
Kodi ogwira ntchito kusukulu angadziwe bwanji ndikusankha machitidwe kapena mapulogalamu ozikidwa pa umboni?
Kodi ogwira ntchito kusukulu angagwiritse ntchito bwanji machitidwe ozikidwa pa umboni kapena mapulogalamu?
Kodi ogwira ntchito kusukulu angadziwe bwanji kuti agwiritsa ntchito bwino machitidwe ozikidwa pa umboni kapena mapulogalamu?
Mukakonzeka, pitani ku gawo la Assessment.
