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  • IRIS Center
  • Cov Kev Pab Rau Cov Lag Luam
    • IRIS Resource Locator
      Module, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, kev ua ub no, thiab lwm yam
    • Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj-Based Practice Summaries
      Tshawb nrhiav annotation
    • High-Leverage Practices
      IRIS cov peev txheej ntawm HLPs
    • Films
      Cov duab ntawm cov neeg tsis taus
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      Cov duab ntawm cov neeg tsis taus
    • Glossary
      Cov ntsiab lus muaj feem cuam tshuam
    • Rau PD Cov Kev Pabcuam
      Txoj kev kawm, PD cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa, thiab lwm yam
    • Rau Cov Kws Qhia Ntawv
      Cov lus qhia rau kev siv IRIS cov peev txheej, daim ntawv npaj ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam
    • Website Navigation Videos
      Tau txais ib ncig ntawm peb Lub Vev Xaib & modules
    • Tshiab & Los sai sai
      Tseeb modules & kev pab
    • IRIS Archived Resources
      Modules, cov cuab yeej sib dhos, thiab lwm yam
  • PD Options
    • PD Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj rau Cov Kws Qhia Ntawv
      Peb daim ntawv pov thawj, koj lub sijhawm PD
    • Nkag mus rau koj IRIS PD
    • Rau PD Cov Kev Pabcuam
      Txoj kev kawm, PD cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa, thiab lwm yam
    • IRIS + Tsev Kawm Ntawv & Cheeb Tsam Platform
      Ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog rau cov thawj coj hauv tsev kawm
  • Cov Ntawv & Tshaj Tawm
    • khoom
      Cov lus hais txog kev siv IRIS & kev ua tau zoo
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      Qhia txog kev siv IRIS & kev ua tiav
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      Dab tsi, thaum twg, & qhov twg nws tshwm sim
  • pab
    • Pab & Txhawb
      Tau txais txiaj ntsig tag nrho los ntawm peb cov peev txheej
    • Website Navigation Videos
      Tau txais ib ncig ntawm peb Lub Vev Xaib & modules
  • Kev Tswj Tus Cwj Pwm Hauv Chav Kawm (Part 1): Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb thiab Kev Coj Ua Hauv paus
kev sib tw
Kev xav pib
Kev Pom Zoo & Kev Pabcuam

Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum to taub dab tsi txog kev tswj tus cwj pwm zoo hauv chav kawm?

  • 1: Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm
  • 2: Chav Kawm thiab Kev Tswj Tus Cwj Pwm Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv
  • 3: Cultural Influences ntawm Cwj Pwm
  • 4: Lub Ntsiab Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Tswj Tus Cwj Pwm Hauv Chav Kawm

Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav ua li cas thiaj li muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm coj tus cwj pwm zoo?

  • 5: Tsim kom muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo
  • 6: Tsim cov chav kawm uas muaj kev cob qhia
  • 7: Siv cov tswv yim tswj qhov saum npoo
  • 8: Tsim ib daim phiaj qhia kev tswj tus cwj pwm zoo hauv chav kawm

Cov Kev Pab Rau Cov Lag Luam

  • 9: Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, Cov peev txheej ntxiv, thiab cov qhab nia
Qhwv Sau
Assessment
Muab Lus Qhia

Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav ua li cas thiaj li muaj peev xwm ua rau lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm coj tus cwj pwm zoo?

Page 6: Tsim ib chav kawm uas muaj qauv

Ib yam li lawv yuav tsum paub txog kev coj noj coj ua thiab huab cua cuam tshuam li cas, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum xav txog cov qauv ntawm lawv cov chav kawm, nrog rau cov qauv ntawm lub cev (kev npaj chav kawm) thiab cov chav kawm niaj hnub ua. Tsim kom muaj ib puag ncig hauv chav kawm tuaj yeem txhawb cov tub ntxhais kawm kev koom tes nrog rau kev txwv cov yam ntxwv uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev coj cwj pwm.

Kev npaj chav kawm zoo

Kev npaj chav kawm zoo hais txog qhov chaw tso kawm thiab koom haum ntawm chav tsev lub cev (xws li, rooj zaum, khoom siv) los pab tsim kom muaj ib qho chaw kawm uas pab txhawb kev qhia ntawv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Cov chav kawm zoo tsim thiab koom nrog ib puag ncig:

  • Nce kev koom tes nrog kev kawm
  • Txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tus cwj pwm tsis tsim nyog
  • Ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm
  • Muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tub kawm ntawv kev ua tau zoo

Txog Koj Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Vim tias txhua chav kawm muaj nws tus kheej cov kev xav tau thiab tus cwj pwm, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tsim ib qho chaw kawm. Txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov chav kawm zoo, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum khaws ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv siab, xws li:

  • Cov menyuam kawm ntawv xav tau kev kawm (piv txwv li, cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas kawm tau zoo hauv pab pawg, cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas nyiam cov kev pabcuam pom)
  • Hom kev qhia ntawv (xws li, kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej, ua haujlwm pab pawg, kev sib tham hauv chav kawm, kev nthuav qhia)
  • Ntau qhov chaw zaum (piv txwv li, kab, pawg, U-puab)
  • Kev siv cov phab ntsa hauv chav kawm thiab cov phab ntsa hauv tsev (xws li, los qhia txog cov cai, cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb, cov lus phab ntsa, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua piv txwv)

Hauv qab no yog ob peb ua li thiab tsis txhob rau kev teeb tsa ib qho chaw hauv chav kawm.

Do Tsis txhob

Npaj chav kom zoo tshaj plaws los txhawb txhua yam haujlwm ntawm tes. Qhov no yuav txhais tau tias pawg ua haujlwm pab pawg, kab rau kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej, thiab U-puab rau kev sib tham. Kev npaj tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov kev ua, thiab ntau qhov chaw ntawm chav kawm tuaj yeem siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj.

Siv tib chav tsev tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntawm kev ua si (xws li, cov rooj zaum hauv pawg hauv kev sib tham thiab kev xeem).

Npaj cov rooj tog hauv chav kawm los tsim kom muaj kev sib tw khiav zoo uas tso cai rau tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm kom yooj yim txav mus thoob hauv chav.

Muab cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv txee, lossis lwm cov rooj tog zaum hauv qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem thaiv cov menyuam kawm ntawv qhov kev pom lossis tsim teeb pom kev zoo rau tus xibfwb.

Muab cov khoom siv uas nquag siv (xws li, xaum xaum, ntawv sau ntawv, lub thoob khib nyiab) thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia (xws li, lub tshuab xam zauv, cov khoom siv hauv chav kuaj, phau ntawv kawm) hauv qhov chaw yooj yim mus cuag.

Muab cov khoom siv nquag siv rau hauv thaj chaw uas yooj yim congested. Kev coj cwj pwm nyuaj yuav tshwm sim thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm lossis cov kws qhia ntawv niaj hnub sib tsoo rau ib leeg, ib leeg khoom, lossis rooj tog.

Tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txhawb cov menyuam kawm ntawv (xws li, cov cai, cov txheej txheem, cov phab ntsa, cov lej sib npaug, tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm) rau ntawm phab ntsa uas yooj yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm saib los ntawm txhua qhov chaw hauv chav kawm.

Npog txhua nti ntawm koj chav kawm phab ntsa nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm, cov duab, thiab lwm yam khoom dai uas tsis txhawb cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.

Tsim kom muaj chaw ntxiv rau kev txav mus los (xws li txoj kab dav dav) nrog rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb cia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas siv lub rooj zaum muaj log lossis cov neeg taug kev.

Khaws tej rooj tog thiab khoom siv uas tsis tsim nyog hauv koj chav kawm uas yuav txwv tau qhov chaw hauv chav kawm thiab txwv cov tub ntxhais kawm txav mus los.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog kev npaj chav kawm kom zoo, saib cov IRIS Case Studies:

  • Kev Npaj Chav Ua Haujlwm Zoo: Elementary
  • Kev Npaj Chav Ua Haujlwm Zoo: Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nruab Nrab thiab Qib Siab

Tsim cov chav kawm niaj hnub

Thaum cov kws qhia ntawv tsim cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm, lawv tab tom tsim kom muaj qhov sib luag, kev kwv yees ua ntu zus los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab tias yuav xav li cas (thiab lawv xav tau dab tsi) hauv chav kawm. Hauv cov chav kawm theem pib thiab theem nrab, cov txheej txheem niaj hnub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov chav kawm ib puag ncig uas ua kom muaj kev qhia ntau tshaj plaws thiab txo qis tus cwj pwm cuam tshuam.

Cov chav kawm niaj hnub yuav txawv raws li qib kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Nyob rau theem pib, cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog tag nrho cov hnub kawm ntawv thiab tuaj yeem suav nrog:

  • Sawv ntxov kev sib ntsib
  • Kev Kawm Tshwj Xeeb lossis Kev Kawm Txuj Ci (xws li kos duab, kev kawm lub cev, suab paj nruag)
  • Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, kev ua kom sov, coj kev xyaum, tawm daim pib)
  • Noj su
  • Kev ua si
  • Ntim thiab tshem tawm
x

coj kev xyaum

glossary

x

tawm daim pib

glossary

Hauv cov chav kawm theem nrab, cov txheej txheem yuav ua tau raws li cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (xws li, sau ntawv hauv ELA, kev sib koom ua ke ua lus Mev) thiab feem ntau yog tsim nyob rau hauv txhua lub sijhawm kawm tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem suav nrog:

  • Tswb ua haujlwm
  • Kev tuaj koom
  • Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv tsev
  • Mus hla lub hom phiaj kev kawm
  • Qhia thiab kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej
  • Kev soj ntsuam zoo (eg, tawm daim pib)
x

tswb ua haujlwm

glossary

x

kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej

glossary

x

kev ntsuam xyuas hom

glossary

Cov kws qhia ntawv theem ob feem ntau yuav txuas ntxiv mus rau ib lub lim tiam (piv txwv li, cov lus nug rau hnub Wednesday, kev sib tham rau hnub Friday) lub hli (xws li, sau ntawv, daim ntawv tshaj tawm) lossis peb lub hlis twg thiab lub semester (xws li, chav xeem).

Khaws Cia Rau Hauv Siab

Cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm uas xav tau tuaj yeem pab tsim kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab kev coj noj coj ua thiab yooj yim rau qee tus tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev ntxhov siab thiab kev coj cwj pwm cuam tshuam. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum niaj hnub tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj ntau lub sijhawm rau kev tsis meej pem ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. Qhov no feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam kev coj cwj pwm.

Hauv qab no yog ob peb ua li thiab tsis txhob rau kev teeb tsa cov chav kawm niaj hnub.

Do Tsis txhob

Qhia meej meej txog koj cov chav kawm hauv chav kawm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm thawj hnub ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Tshawb xyuas thiab xyaum lawv tsis tu ncua.

Cia siab tias cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav paub txog koj cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm.

Tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau lossis cov lus pom zoo rau cov haujlwm niaj hnub hauv koj chav kawm kom cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem xa mus rau lawv txhua hnub.

Hloov qhov chaw uas niaj hnub tshaj tawm lossis muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov lus nug uas muaj hnub nyoog, "Peb tab tom ua dab tsi hnub no?"

Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm (thiab tib lub sijhawm) txhua hnub.

Nquag hla los yog hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov haujlwm niaj hnub. Kev sib haum xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb!

Mloog raws li KaMalcris Cottrell thiab Ashley Lloyd muab cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas lawv tsim ib puag ncig hauv chav kawm.

KaMalcris Cottrell
Kev Pabcuam Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tus Cwj Pwm

(ntev: 2:46)

/wp-content/uploads/module_media/beh1_media/audio/beh1_p06_cottrell.mp3

transcript

Ashley Lloyd
Qib Xib Fwb

(ntev: 1:45)

/wp-content/uploads/module_media/beh1_media/audio/beh1_p06_lloyd_b.mp3

transcript

Cov ntawv sau tseg: KaMalcris Cottrell

Kuv xav tias tib neeg saib tsis taus lawv chav kawm thiab ib puag ncig ntawd ua ntej cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj txog. Yog li kuv xav, kuv hu nws kuv "Ob Es nrog R": ib puag ncig, kev koom tes, thiab cov lus teb. ib puag ncig yuav yog lub tsev kawm ntawv lub cev, lub rooj, rooj, koj qhov chaw kawm, koj qhov chaw pab pawg, thiab kom muaj qhov chaw nyob hauv txoj kev uas yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau koj tsiv mus nyob ib ncig ntawm chav kawm nrog rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Cov khu daim, Kuv yuav nquag zaum ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv chav kawm kom pom tias cov tub ntxhais kawm cov ntsiab lus zoo li cas. Lawv puas tuaj yeem pom kuv yog lawv zaum ntawm no? Lawv puas tuaj yeem pom yog tias kuv taug kev ntawm no? Tej zaum kuv yuav tsum tau kho ib pab pawg ntawm cov rooj sib tham kom lawv muaj kev pom zoo ntawm daim ntawv kawm nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm chav kawm lossis txawm mus rau sab ntawm chav kawm. Kuv cov lus teb, kuv yuav caw cov npoj yaig tuaj rau hauv kuv chav kawm. Qhov no xav li cas? Qhov no zoo li cas? Yog kuv sawv ntawm no thiab koj zaum ntawm no puas yog? Yog tias kuv tuav phau ntawv no thiab koj nyob ntawm no ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, puas yog qhov chaw zoo? Kuv kuj tseem, thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob hauv, qhib rau lawv cov lus tawm tswv yim. Tsis yog koj yuav tsum dhia thaum lawv hais tias, "Kuv tsis pom qhov no tam sim ntawd." Koj ua qhov hloov me me. Los yog tej zaum hnub tom qab thaum lawv tuaj, chav kawm raug kho me ntsis ntxiv, yog li nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov chaw kawm kom tsim nyog.

Kuv xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm zoo ib yam, tsim kom muaj qhov chaw kawm zoo thiab pab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj qhov chaw kawm vim tias cov tub ntxhais kawm paub tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom ntej, thaum muaj qee yam yuav tshwm sim. Thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem txo qis kev ntxhov siab ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog tias lawv paub tias yuav xav li cas thaum hnub nce mus. Yog li tom qab peb muaj peb lub zej zog lub voj voog thaum sawv ntxov, kuv cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog mus hla lub sijhawm, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm paub qhov no. Nov yog peb cov txheej txheem hauv chav kawm. Peb ua peb lub zej zog saib xyuas. Peb mus dhau lub sijhawm. Yog hais tias Ms. Cottrell tshwm sim los tsis nco qab cov kauj ruam ntawd, lawv ua rau kuv nco qab, vim qhov ntawd yog qhov peb tau pib teeb tsa raws li peb niaj hnub hauv peb chav kawm. Yog li kuv muaj kuv lub sijhawm dai, thiab peb mus dhau txhua qhov kev kawm, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, thiab lub sijhawm twg cov kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim. Rau kuv cov tub ntxhais hluas, kuv yuav kos ib lub moos ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd vim peb tsis ua haujlwm nrog sijhawm, tab sis nws pab tau tiag tiag. Lawv yuav hais tias, "Ms. Cottrell, lub moos ntawd zoo li lub moos ntawd nyob ntawd. Nws yuav tsum yog lub sijhawm mus noj su." "Koj paub, koj hais yog lawm. Lub moos ntawd hais tias 12:45." Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm koj lub sijhawm. Thiab zoo li kuv hais, peb mus dhau qhov ntawd txhua hnub tom qab peb lub zej zog. Ua li ntawd lawv paub tias yuav ua li cas kom tau raws li peb lub hnub nyoog.

Cov ntawv sau tseg: Ashley Lloyd

Cov qauv ntawm chav kawm yog qhov kuv xav hais yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev coj tus cwj pwm hauv chav kawm. Yog li, rau kuv, ua kom txhua yam ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev paub thoob plaws hauv lawv lub hnub yog qhov zoo, txawm tias nws yog lub cev…Lawv paub tias lawv cov khoom nyob qhov twg. Lawv paub tias thaum lawv tso cai tau lawv li cas, lawv yuav tso cai tau cov ntaub ntawv li cas, thiab lawv yuav txav mus rau hauv chav kawm li cas? Thaum twg lawv tso cai sawv? Thaum twg lawv tso cai zaum? Yog tias lawv xav paub seb lawv tuaj yeem tau txais kuv li cas, lawv tuaj yeem nug kuv li cas. Thiab, rau kuv, kuv sim siv ntau qhov kev pom ntau npaum li qhov ua tau, yog li lawv paub tias lawv txoj haujlwm thaum sawv ntxov yog vim li cas lawv taug kev hauv, thiab muaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm uas lawv paub meej tias yuav saib dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas ua raws li kev ua thaum sawv ntxov, qhov xav tau ntawm lawv txhua lub sijhawm ntawm qhov niaj hnub ntawd. Txhua hnub, yog tias muaj kev ua haujlwm pab pawg, yog tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm txhua yam, kuv nyiam siv cov slides, thiab tag nrho lawv cov lus qhia rau cov haujlwm ntawd yuav nce. Tab sis kuv kuj tseem yuav muaj cov cim me me uas lawv tau kawm, yog li lawv yuav paub yog tias tsuas muaj ib tus neeg lawv yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej. Yog tias lawv pom ob tus neeg, lawv yuav paub tias lawv raug tso cai ua haujlwm nrog tus khub. Kuv yuav siv lub thawv uas yuav muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv xav tau teev nyob rau ntawd, yog li lawv paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv xav tau rau qhov kev ua si. Yog li yog tias lawv tsis muaj lawv cov crayons tawm ces lawv yuav nyob tom qab vim lawv paub tias daim duab me me ntawm lub thawv crayon nyob ntawd. Kuv kuj paub tseeb tias lawv paub tias lawv lub suab yuav tsum nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lawv yuav tsum paub meej yog tias lawv raug tso cai hais tawm suab nrov lossis yog tias lawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.

 

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Koom nrog Peb Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm E Kos npe rau Up
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Koom nrog Peb Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm E Kos npe rau Up

IRIS Center Peabody College Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37203 [email tiv thaiv]. Lub Chaw IRIS tau txais nyiaj los ntawm kev sib cog lus nrog US Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) Grant #H325E220001. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub vev xaib no tsis tas yuav sawv cev rau txoj cai ntawm US Department of Education, thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xav tias muaj kev pom zoo los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws. Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, Anna Macedonia.

Copyright 2026 Vanderbilt University. Txhua txoj cai.

* Yog xav paub txog txoj cai ntiag tug mus saib peb Pab & Txhawb nplooj.

Creative Commons License Cov haujlwm no yog ntawv tso cai los ntawm a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

  • Vanderbilt Peabody College
Peb siv cov ncuav qab zib los xyuas kom meej tias peb yuav muab koj qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev nyob rau hauv peb lub website. Yog hais tias koj tseem mus siv qhov Web site peb yuav xav hais tias koj yog kev zoo siab nrog nws.