Cov xibfwb qhia ntawv txawv li cas?
Nplooj 5: Sib txawv Cov Ntsiab Lus
Thaum cov kws qhia ntawv sib txawv cov ntsiab lus, tib lub tswv yim lossis kev txawj raug qhia rau txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm; Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv siv los qhia lub tswv yim lossis kev txawj yuav txawv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm sib txawv. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog ntau lub tswv yim uas cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem siv los sib txawv cov ntsiab lus thiab qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm tus yam ntxwv hais txog:
kev npaj txhij 
kev txaus siab, thiab 
kawm profile
Nyem rau ntawm txhua qhov txuas kom paub meej txog kev siv cov tswv yim no.
| zoo | Npaj txhij | paj | Kawm Profile |
| Cov ntsiab lus Tiered | |
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| Muab ntau yam khoom siv | |
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| Daim ntawv cog lus kawm | |
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Cov ntsiab lus Tiered
Ib txoj hauv kev los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab lus sib txawv rau cov chav kawm heterogeneous yog ua cov ntsiab lus tier. Thaum cov kws qhia ntawv qhia cov ntsiab lus, txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm ua tiav tib hom kev ua (piv txwv li, daim ntawv ua haujlwm, qhia), tab sis cov ntsiab lus sib txawv hauv qhov nyuaj. Feem ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm raug muab faib ua peb pawg raws li qib kev npaj. Cov kev ua ub no tau muab rau cov pab pawg qis, nruab nrab, thiab siab (pab pawg 1, 2, thiab 3, raws li) sib txawv ntawm qhov nyuaj. Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas yog theem los ntawm kev npaj txhij.
| lej – Qib plaub | ||
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Lub Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb: Cov tub ntxhais kawm txhim kho kev nkag siab txog cov chav ntawm lub sijhawm. Zaj Lus Qhia: Tus xib fwb siv phau ntawv The Official M & M's Book of the Millennium ua ib txoj hauv kev los muab keeb kwm yav dhau los txog lub sijhawm feem ntau thiab qhia meej ntxiv txog kev tsim daim ntawv qhia hnub. |
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| Pawg 1 | Pawg 2 | Pawg 3 |
| Tom qab tus kws qhia ntawv nyeem thawj peb nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv thiab piav qhia txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau lub sijhawm suav nrog cov lej Roman, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ua khub kom ua tiav ib daim ntawv ua haujlwm uas muaj qee qhov teeb meem yooj yim uas suav nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm lub sijhawm suav nrog qee qhov uas sau ua lej Roman.Tom qab tus kws qhia ntawv nyeem nrog cov menyuam kawm ntawv cov seem ntawm phau ntawv, uas yog txhua yam hais txog daim ntawv qhia hnub. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ua khub kom ua tiav daim ntawv ua haujlwm, uas muaj lus nug txog hnub Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub tam sim no. | Tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem thawj peb nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv thiab tus kws qhia ntawv piav qhia txog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ua khub kom ua tiav ib daim ntawv ua haujlwm uas muaj teeb meem nyuaj ntxiv nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov sij hawm uas feem ntau sau ua lej Roman. Tom ntej no cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem cov seem ntawm phau ntawv, uas yog txhua yam hais txog daim ntawv qhia hnub. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ua khub kom ua tiav ib daim ntawv ua haujlwm, uas piv cov ntawv Roman thaum ntxov nrog rau hnub Gregorian daim ntawv qhia hnub. | Tom qab cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem thawj peb nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ua khub kom ua tiav ib daim ntawv qhia txog cov teeb meem ntawm ntau theem nyuaj, uas suav nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov sij hawm tag nrho qhia cov lej Roman. Tom ntej no cov tub ntxhais kawm nyeem cov seem ntawm phau ntawv, uas yog txhua yam hais txog daim ntawv qhia hnub. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm hauv ib pab pawg los sib piv cov lus sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub (Suav, Aztec, & Roman), uas tau nthuav tawm hauv phau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim ib daim ntawv ua haujlwm, uas nug cov lus nug txog peb daim ntawv qhia hnub. |
Hloov los ntawm https://www.in.gov/doe/files/Fourth-Readiness-Math.pdf
(Kaum lub vaj huam sib luag no)
Muab ntau yam khoom siv
Cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem sib txawv cov ntsiab lus raws li qib kev npaj, nyiam, lossis kev kawm profile los ntawm kev muab ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv txoj kev uas ua haujlwm zoo tshaj rau lawv. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav xav txog kev muab:
Ntau yam ntawm cov phau ntawv: Ntxiv rau cov ntawv qib kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem muab cov ntawv ib lossis ob qib hauv qab thiab siab dua cov ntawv nyeem qib. Qhov no tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tawm tsam nrog qib kev nyeem ntawv lossis qhov nyuaj ntawm kev txawj nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm qib uas zoo tshaj rau lawv. Nws kuj tseem tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas paub cov ntsiab lus lossis ua kom sai sai kom muaj lub sijhawm los ua haujlwm ntawm kev txawj ntse dua.
Cov khoom siv ntxiv: Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav suav nrog Internet, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm, phau ntawv CDs, yeeb yaj duab, thiab computer games.
Cov kws qhia ntawv tej zaum yuav xav tsim ib lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv sib txawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau kev qhia sib txawv. Lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem loj hlob nyob rau lub sijhawm raws li tus kws qhia ntawv sau tau siv thiab cov phau ntawv tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem nrhiav cov peev txheej no ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xov xwm chaw lossis tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem.
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Kev nthuav qhia Styles
Thaum lawv nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus, cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum siv ntau hom kev nthuav qhia; uas yog, lawv yuav tsum muab cov neeg kawm nrog ntau yam kev tshaj tawm thiab cov qauv uas tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm xaiv qhov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj rau lawv. Ntau qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab cov qauv kuj tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm kom nkag siab tob txog cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev muab sijhawm los cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog ntau txoj hauv kev los nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus.
Hais
nyeem ntawv
kev sib tham
Nug
Nyeem Ntawv Nrawm
Lus piav qhia
Qhia Nws
Duab / Duab
Transparency
Dawb Board
Zaj duab xis
npe duab
Qauv Nws
Qhia tawm
Xav Suab nrov
Ua Tawm
Tsim / Tsim
Siv Manipulatives
(Kaum lub vaj huam sib luag no)
Ntsuas Dab
Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas tawm tsam nrog kev kawm txuj ci tshiab lossis cov ntsiab lus, tus kws qhia tuaj yeem muab tau kev qhia scaffolding, tus txheej txheem los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txhawm rau txhim kho kev kawm thiab pab hauv kev paub ua haujlwm. Tus kws qhia ntawv ua qhov no los ntawm kev txhim kho tus tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev paub thiab kev paub thaum nws kawm ib qho txuj ci tshiab. Raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm nce qib kev ua haujlwm, cov kev txhawb nqa tau maj mam tshem tawm. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum xav txog ntau txoj hauv kev rau scaffold rau cov neeg uas nyuaj nyeem ntawv thiab nkag siab cov ntawv nyeem thiab rau cov uas nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm tshiab.
Nyuaj nyeem ntawv thiab nkag siab cov ntawv
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog ntau txoj hauv kev los scaffold kev qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas nyuaj nyeem thiab nkag siab cov ntawv. Tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem siv cov tswv yim hauv qab no los pab cov tub ntxhais kawm nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus. Thaum pib, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem koom tes nrog kev pab cov tub ntxhais kawm siv lub tswv yim. Raws li lawv kawm lub tswv yim, txawm li cas los xij, tus kws qhia ntawv maj mam hloov lub luag haujlwm rau kev siv lub tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.
| zoo | Piv txwv ntawm Strategy | |
| Ua ntej nyeem ntawv | Qhib kev paub ua ntej |
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KWL chart glossary |
| Qhia cov lus tshiab |
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| Ua kwv yees |
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| Thaum nyeem ntawv | Hais lus tsis paub |
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| Saib xyuas kev nkag siab |
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| Siv cov duab puas hlwb |
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| Siv cov duab kos duab |
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| Tom qab nyeem ntawv | Rov qab los yog xaus |
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Nyuaj Mastering ib txoj hauj lwm
Thaum tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntsib kev nyuaj rau kev kawm txuj ci tshiab lossis txoj haujlwm tshiab, tus kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov lus qhia los ntawm kev qhia cov haujlwm cov kauj ruam (piv txwv li, kev tsom xam ua haujlwm) thiab ua qauv rau cov kauj ruam no thaum xav nrov nrov. Piv txwv li, tus kws qhia ntawv scaffolds qhia rau ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv uas muaj teeb meem ntxiv ob tug lej. Txhawm rau pib, tus kws qhia ua haujlwm tsom xam, rhuav tshem txoj haujlwm mus rau hauv cov kauj ruam uas tswj tau. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws qhia ntawv ua qauv txhua kauj ruam hauv txoj haujlwm ntau zaus thiab tso sijhawm rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv xyaum. Raws li cov tub ntxhais kawm masters txoj haujlwm, cov kev txhawb nqa tau maj mam tshem tawm.
| Task Analysis (ntxiv ob tus lej ob tus lej) |
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| Kauj ruam 1: | Ntxiv cov lej hauv ib kab. |
| Kauj ruam 2: | Yog tias tus lej tsawg dua 10, sau tus lej hauv qab ntawm ib kab. Yog tias tus lej yog 10 lossis ntau dua, sau tus lej hauv qab ib kab thiab sau tus lej kaum rau saum kaum kab. |
| Kauj ruam 3: | Ntxiv cov lej hauv kaum kab. Yog tias tsim nyog, nco ntsoov suav nrog tus lej koj nqa. |
| Kauj ruam 4: | Sau cov lej ntawm cov lej hauv qab kaum kab. |
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog scaffolding, saib IRIS Module hauv qab no:
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Daim ntawv cog lus kawm
Daim ntawv cog lus kev kawm yog ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus tub kawm ntawv uas qhia meej txog kev sau ntawv uas tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav ua tiav raws li lub sijhawm. Daim ntawv cog lus kev kawm tso cai rau cov kws qhia ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm raws li tus tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev npaj txhij los yog kev kawm profile. Thaum sib tham txog daim ntawv cog lus, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau qhia meej txog txoj haujlwm yuav tsum ua kom tiav, thaum twg nws yuav ua tiav, qhov ntau thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem uas nws yuav raug ntsuas, thiab thaum tsim nyog cov qhab nia tshwm sim. Daim ntawv cog lus kuj tseem yuav suav nrog qhov tshwm sim vim tsis ua raws li cov lus cog tseg. Nyem rau ntawm cov duab hauv qab no kom pom ib qho piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus kawm lossis rub tawm daim ntawv cog lus kawm dawb.
Kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus kawm tau zoo feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev txawj thiab kev paub ntawm tus kws qhia paub txog. Thaum siv cov ntawv cog lus kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum xav txog cov hauv qab no:
- Qee cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav ua tiav lawv daim ntawv cog lus ntxov. Tus kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum npaj rau qhov no thiab muaj cov dej num ntxiv ntsig txog cov ntsiab lus (piv txwv li, cov haujlwm hauv computer) muaj rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv.
- Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau xav tau kev pab tswj lawv lub sijhawm. Cov kws qhia ntawv tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, xws li kev npaj txhua hnub, los pab lawv nyob raws sijhawm.
- Cov xwm txheej npaj txhij txog (piv txwv li, tus menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo) yuav txwv tsis pub tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus los ntawm hnub kawg. Thaum zoo li no, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav xav muab sijhawm ntxiv los ua kom tiav daim ntawv cog lus.
(Kaum lub vaj huam sib luag no)
Compacting
Yuav kom paub qhov txawv ntawm kev qhia rau cov neeg kawm ntawv qib siab uas twb paub txog qee cov ntsiab lus lossis kev txawj, cov xib fwb yuav xav txog kev txiav cov ntawv kawm kom me me. Ua li ntawd tso cai rau cov tub ntxhais kawm hla cov ntsiab lus uas lawv paub lossis mus kawm cov ntsiab lus sai sai. Txoj kev npaj no tsom mus rau cov tub ntxhais kawm qib kev npaj thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau txhua yam kev kawm thiab txhua qib kawm. Kev txiav cov ntawv kawm kom me me muaj peb kauj ruam:
Kauj Ruam 1: Ntsuas cov tub ntxhais kawm kev paub
Ua ntej ntawm chav kawm lossis chav kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv ntsuas tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tau qhab nia 90% lossis siab dua ntawm qhov kev xeem ua ntej yuav raug muab cais tawm ntawm tag nrho chav tsev, thaum cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau qhab nia 80–89% (ib feem kev txawj ntse) yuav raug muab cais tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm nws.
Kauj Ruam 2: Tsim cov phiaj xwm rau kev paub txhua yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm
Tus kws qhia ntawv tsim ib txoj kev npaj kom paub tseeb tias tus tub kawm ntawv kawm tej ntsiab lus tseem tsis tau paub.
Kauj Ruam 3: Tsim kev npaj rau kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo
Vim hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm raug zam rau qee qhov lossis tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab cov luag haujlwm rau cov ntsiab lus uas lawv tau paub lossis yuav kawm sai, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau tus menyuam kawm ntawv yuav siv sijhawm dawb li cas. Txhawm rau kom tus tub ntxhais kawm muaj lub luag haujlwm rau txoj haujlwm no, tus kws qhia ntawv yuav xav nthuav tawm cov phiaj xwm no hauv kev sau ntawv hauv daim ntawv cog lus sib cog lus (piv txwv li, daim ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb).
Nyem rau ntawm cov duab hauv qab no kom pom ib qho piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus compacting lossis rub tawm daim ntawv cog lus kev kawm dawb paug tshwj xeeb rau compacting.
Tshawb Fawb Qhia
Lub National Research Center ntawm Gifted and Talented (NRC/GT) tau ua ib qho kev kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv kawm compacting. Txoj kev tshawb no suav nrog 436 tus kws qhia ntawv thiab 783 tus menyuam kawm ntawv qib 2–6. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias thaum 40-50% ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kawm raug tshem tawm rau cov tub ntxhais kawm raug xaiv hauv ib qho kev kawm, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau txais kev sib cog lus thiab cov uas tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kawm tiav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo kev xeem. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv uas tau ntsib cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas tsis tau qis dua lawv cov phooj ywg ntawm cov kev xeem no.
Reis et. ib., (1992).
(Kaum lub vaj huam sib luag no)
Kev hloov kho cov ntsiab lus qhia no feem ntau xav kom cov kws qhia ntawv hloov lawv txoj hauv kev rau kev qhia. Mloog raws li Carol Ann Tomlinson tham txog vim li cas qhov no feem ntau yog cov kws qhia kev sib tw loj tshaj plaws thaum lawv pib sib qhia kev qhia (sijhawm: 0:46).
Carol Ann Tomlinson, Ed
Xib fwb ntawm Kev Kawm Leadership, Foundations, thiab Txoj Cai
Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Virginia
Charlottesville, VA
Cov ntawv sau tseg: Carol Ann Tomlinson, EdD
Ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb, kev sib txawv yog ib qho qauv qhia, thiab cov qauv yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kawm. Yog li qhov sib txawv tiag tiag hais rau cov kws qhia ntawv yog koj qhia kuv qhov koj yuav tsum tau qhia, thiab peb tuaj yeem qhia koj yuav ua li cas qhia nws yooj yim dua thiab zoo dua. Yog li, hauv qhov tseeb, kev sib txawv tuaj yeem qhia koj yuav ua li cas sib txawv kev kawm hauv phau ntawv xov tooj lossis yuav ua li cas sib txawv kev kawm Shakespeare. Yog li nyob rau theem ntawd tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb, vim tias kev sib txawv tsis yog sim qhia koj yam koj yuav tsum qhia. Nws tsuas yog qhia tias nquag qhia ntau dua ib txoj hauv kev lossis nrog kev hloov pauv me ntsis yuav pab cov menyuam kawm ntawv txawm tias koj tab tom sim qhia kom zoo dua.
