Yini okufanele othisha bayiqonde ukuze kube lula impumelelo yabo bonke abafundi?
Ikhasi 7: Ukucatshangelwa Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho
Njengoba nje abafundi bezoba nezizinda zamasiko ezihlukene, bakhulume izilimi eziningi, futhi babe nezidingo zokufunda ezihlukene, bazophinde bavele emazingeni ehlukene ezenhlalo-mnotho. Eyomndeni izinga lenhlalo-mnotho noma isimo (SES) kuchazwa ngenhlanganisela yemali engenayo, imfundo, nomsebenzi wamalungu omndeni futhi ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswa njengokuphezulu, okuphakathi, noma okuphansi. Imindeni evame ukubhekwa njengephansi ye-SES yenza imali engaphansi kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zemali engenayo yendawo lapho ehlala khona, futhi imindeni ene-SES ephezulu yenza imali engaphezu kokuphindwe kabili yemali engenayo. Kunezigidi zabafundi abahlala emakhaya ahlukaniswe ngama-SES aphansi.
Kungani I-SES Ibalulekile
Ukuze uthole imininingwane
Ingane eyodwa kweziyisithupha ezifunda isikole iphila ngobumpofu, futhi ngaphezu kwengxenye yabo bonke abafundi besikole sikahulumeni bafanelekela ukudla kwamahhala nokuncishisiwe.
Esinye sezici ezinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni komfundi ezifundweni yi-SES yomndeni. Imvamisa, abafundi abahlala emakhaya ane-SES ephansi bahlangabezana nezinselelo zansuku zonke ezingaba nomthelela ekufundeni kwabo. Nakuba lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwehluka emndenini ngemindeni, abafundi abaningi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi bazohlangabezana okungenani nokunye kwalokhu. Amabhokisi angezansi anikeza izibonelo zezinselele abafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi abangase babe nazo ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke kanye nomthelela ongaba khona othisha abangawubona ekilasini.
Izinselele ezingaba khona
Abafundi bangathola:
- Ukungabi nezidingo eziyisisekelo (isb, ukudla, indawo yokuhlala, izingubo zokugqoka).
- Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okungenele
- Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi noma ukungabi namakhaya
- Ukudla okungenamsoco
- Ukugadwa okuncane ekhaya
- Amahora ambalwa okulala
- Ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezokuthutha
- Ukuthuthukiswa kolimi kubambezelekile
- Izibopho ezengeziwe ekhaya (isb, ukunakekela izingane, ukupheka ukudla)
- Izinsiza zemfundo ezimbalwa ekhaya (isb, izincwadi, amakhompyutha)
- Amathuba ancishisiwe okubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yesikole yangaphandle noma yomphakathi
- Funda kancane kancane ekhaya
- Usizo oluncane ngomsebenzi wesikole
- Ukufinyelela okuncane ekucebiseni (isb, abafundisi, iminyuziyamu)
Umthelela Kubafundi
Abafundi bangase babe nobunzima:
- Ukuhlala ephapheme
- Ukugxilisa ingqondo
- Abasele bethembisene umshado
- Ukuya esikoleni njalo
- Ukufika ngesikhathi esikoleni
- Ukuxhumana nabanye
- Ukuqedela noma ukuvula umsebenzi wesikole
- Ukuletha izinsiza ekilasini
- Ukwenza ezingeni lebanga
- Ukuhlala esikoleni nokuthweswa iziqu
Qaphela: Ngenxa yokuthi abanakekeli bavame ukusebenza imisebenzi eminingi namahora amade, banesikhathi esincane abangasichitha nezingane zabo ezifundweni futhi mancane amathuba okuba bahileleke emicimbini yesikole nasemihlanganweni.
Imibukiso yocwaningo
- Ngesikhathi abafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi befika esikoleni sasenkulisa, ukucindezeleka okungapheli kobumpofu sekuvele kubambezele ukukhula kobuchopho babo futhi kwavimbela ukukhula kwabo kwengqondo kanye nekhono lokulawula imizwa. Lo mphumela ongemuhle ekuthuthukisweni kobuchopho ungase ufinyelele ku-20% wegebe lempumelelo phakathi kwabafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi nephezulu.
(Izinwele et al., 2015) - Ukuphumelela kwabafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi kuvame ukusala ngemuva kwabafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephakathi nendawo naphezulu. Ukuze kulinganiswe impumelelo yabafundi ezifundweni zase-United States, Ukuhlola Kukazwelonke Kwenqubekelaphambili Yezemfundo (NAEP) kulawula ukuhlolwa kokufunda kanye nezibalo kubafundi bebanga lesine nelesishiyagalombili unyaka ngamunye kanye nakubafundi bebanga le-12 njalo eminyakeni emine. Ukusebenza kwabafundi kukhombisa izinga abaluthole ngalo ulwazi namakhono alindelwe ezingeni labo lebanga. Imiphumela ihlukaniswe yaba yizinga elilodwa kwamane: Ngezansi Kwesisekelo (ukuphatha okuncane), Okuyisisekelo (ukuphatha ngokwengxenye), Ubuchule (ubungcweti), kanye Nokuthuthukile (okungaphezu kokuphatha). Imiphumela yango-2024 yokufunda nezibalo yebanga lesine nelesishiyagalombili iqhathaniswe kuthebula elingezansi kubafundi abafakwe esigabeni njengabanganakwanga ngokwezomnotho kanye nalabo ababengenawo. Imiphumela yango-2019 yebanga le-12 ibonisa abafundi ababefanelekela Uhlelo Lukazwelonke Lwesidlo Sasemini Sesikole (NSLP) uma kuqhathaniswa nabafundi ababengafaneleki.
Le grafu yebha ikhombisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) ka-2024 kanye nezibalo zebanga lesine nelesishiyagalombili kanye nedatha yango-2019 yebanga le-12. Ithebula lehlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu—esisodwa ngesemiphumela yebanga lesine, esisodwa ngesemiphumela yebanga lesishiyagalombili, nesisodwa ngesemiphumela yebanga le-12. Kunomugqa ovundlile ogijima kuzo zonke izigaba. Ingxenye engenhla komugqa ilebulwe ngokuthi “Students Proficient & Advanced,” kuyilapho ephansi ibhalwe ukuthi “Students Basic & Below Basic.”
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ikhonjiswa ezigabeni ezine zabafundi bokuhlola: “Abantula Phansi Ngokomnotho ekufundeni,” “Abangadimazeki Ngokwezomnotho ekufundeni,” “Abantula Phansi Kwezomnotho ezibalweni,” kanye “Nokungahlotshaniswa Nengozi Ngokwezomnotho ezibalweni.”
Kubafundi bebanga lesine, u-19% wabafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho banekhono futhi bathuthuke ekufundeni kanti u-81% uneBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, ama-44% anekhono futhi athuthuke ekufundeni bese kuthi ama-56% abe Basic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, u-25% banolwazi futhi bathuthukile ezibalweni kanti u-75% uBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, ama-65% anekhono futhi athuthukile ezibalweni kanti ama-35% ayisisekelo futhi angaphansi kweSisekelo.
Kubafundi bebanga lesishiyagalombili, u-18% wabafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho banekhono futhi bathuthuke ekufundeni kanti u-82% uneBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, ama-41% anekhono futhi athuthuke ekufundeni bese kuthi u-59% abe Basic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, u-14% banolwazi futhi bathuthukile ezibalweni kanti u-86% uBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, ama-41% anolwazi futhi athuthukile ezibalweni kanti ama-59% ayisisekelo futhi angaphansi kweSisekelo.
Kubafundi bebanga le-12, u-23% wabafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho banekhono futhi bathuthuke ekufundeni kanti u-77% baBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, ama-46% anekhono futhi athuthuke ekufundeni bese kuthi ama-54% abe Basic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, u-11% Banolwazi & Bathuthukile ezibalweni kanti u-89% uBasic & Below Basic. Kubafundi abangancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho, u-33% banolwazi futhi bathuthukile ezibalweni kanti u-67% uBasic & Below Basic.
Qaphela: Abafundi bebanga lesine nelesishiyagalombili babebhekwa njengabangenamali uma befundababambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokwengeza zemindeni ehola kancane (isb., Ukunikezwa Kokufaneleka Komphakathi [CEP], Medicaid),i-lassified njengabancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwemali engenayo yomndeni, qui-alified ukuze uthole ukudla kwamahhala ngokusekelwe emalini engenayo yasendlini, noma awafunda esikoleni se-CEP lapho bonke abafundi bebhekwa njengabancishwe amathuba ngokwezomnotho naphezu kwamazinga omholo omndeni ngamunye. Idatha yabafundi bebanga le-12 ibonisa labo ababefaneleka i-NSLP. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yolwazi olunganele, abanye abafundi abahlukaniswanga futhi ngenxa yalokho abavezwa kugrafu.
Umthombo: Ukuhlola Kukazwelonke Kwenqubekelaphambili Yezemfundo. (2020, 2025). Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwempumelelo ye-NAEP. Ikhadi Lombiko Wesizwe. https://www.nationsreportcard.gov
Ngenxa yokuthi abafundi abahlala emakhaya ane-SES ephansi ngokuvamile kufanele bathwale imithwalo yemfanelo yabantu abadala (isb, ukunakekela izingane zakubo, ukupheka isidlo sakusihlwa), bangase bazimele kunontanga yabo abavela emakhaya aphakathi nendawo naphezulu. Lesi simo sengqondo esizimele singabangela ukungezwani ekilasini futhi singathinta indlela abaziphatha ngayo kanye nokuxhumana nabantu abanegunya. Lalela njengoba u-Lanette Waddell, owayenguMqondisi Wokufundisa Nokufunda Ezikoleni Zasemadolobheni (TLUS), exoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe (isikhathi: 1:29).
Lanette Waddell, PhD
Owayengumsizi kaProfessor, OwayenguMqondisi we-TLUS
I-Vanderbilt University
Umbhalo: Lanette Waddell, PhD
Abafundi abampofu, ikakhulukazi, bakhula ngendlela engokwemvelo. Abazali babo bavame ukuba yisiqondiso. Bavame ukubatshela izinto okufanele bazenze. Uyazi: “Hamba uyoxubha amazinyo,” “Hamba uyolungisa itafula,” “Hamba uyogeza izitsha.” Akuyona ingxoxo. Ikakhulukazi, masenze lokhu, masenze lokho, siqhubekele phambili. Futhi abafundi balandela lezo ziqondiso ngoba abazali babo. Kodwa futhi bathola isikhathi esiningi samahhala lapho isikhathi sabo samahhala singahlelwanga. Kuvuliwe. Bangenza abakufunayo. Bazakhela eyabo imidlalo. Bayadlala. Benza noma yini abayifunayo. Baphinde bathwale umthwalo omningi. Kumelwe bavuke, bazenzele isidlo sasekuseni, bawashe izingubo zabo, bahlanze indlu yabo, banakekele izingane zakubo, baye esikoleni bodwa. Benza imisebenzi eminingi ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke bafika esikoleni benomqondo ozimele kakhulu kunokuba ubona mhlawumbe nabafundi abanomama ekhaya nobaba osebenzayo, noma lapho kunemali khona ukuze kube khona umuntu obanakekelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa kungase kubangele ukushuba kwesimo esikoleni ngoba lapho uya esikoleni, usuke utshelwe ukuthi wenzeni. Uyatshelwa ukuthi ukwenze nini lokhu, nokuthi uzokwenza nini lokho. Awuzimele ngendlela ohlezi ngayo ekhaya, ezinqumweni zakho siqu. Uma ucabanga ngabafundi abazimele futhi abakwazi ukwenza lokho abafuna ukukwenza lapho besekhaya, futhi bekwazi ukuzinakekela, futhi balethe lokho kuzimela esikoleni, kufanele ukwazi ukukuqonda lokho kodwa futhi ubazise ukuthi sisesikoleni nabanye futhi kufanele silandele izinqubo ezithile ukuze wonke umuntu aphephe futhi wonke umuntu akhululeke futhi aneliseke lapha ukuze sonke sifunde.
Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono wokuthi umthelela wokuhlala emkhayeni ophansi we-SES ungase ubukeke kanjani ekilasini, cabangela indaba ka-Eliya, oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala ofunda ibanga lesithupha. U-Eliya uvame ukulala ekilasini futhi akawuvuli umsebenzi wakhe wesikole ngesikhathi. Muva nje, u-Eliya ubonakala edidekile ukuthi uzogibela liphi ibhasi aye ekhaya. Uthisha wakhe ukhathazekile ngo-Eliya futhi ubheke ngabomvu ukuxoxa nabazali bakhe ngezinto ezimkhathazayo. Nokho, lapho abazali baka-Eliya bephuthelwa umhlangano wabo ohleliwe wabazali/nothisha, ucabanga ukuthi imfundo ayiyona into eza kuqala emkhayeni wakhe. Ngemva kwemizamo eminingi yokufinyelela abazali baka-Eliya, uthisha wakhe wagcina esexhumana nomama wakhe. Ngokuxolisa, unina ka-Elijah uyachaza ukuthi akakwazanga ukuya engqungqutheleni ngoba kudingeke ukuthi asebenze isikhathi esengeziwe. Unemisebenzi emibili yetoho, kanti ubaba ka-Elijah usebenza ishifu yakusihlwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Eliya unakekela izingane zakubo, kuhlanganise nokupheka ukudla kwazo, ukuzigeza, nokuzilalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Eliya nomkhaya wakhe kuye kwadingeka bathuthe izikhathi eziningana muva nje, okuchaza ukuthi kungani ngezinye izikhathi u-Eliya engaqiniseki ngokuthi iyiphi ibhasi okufanele agibele yona aye ekhaya.
Izikole zivame ukusekelwe ezinkambisweni namagugu asezingeni eliphakathi. Uthisha ka-Eliya wacabanga ukuthi abazali bakhe babesekhaya kusihlwa futhi akazange acabange ukuthi u-Eliya angase abe nemithwalo yemfanelo eminingi kangaka esemncane, okwamenza angalali ngokwanele nomsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya ongawufezi. Njengo-Eliya, abafundi abavela ezizindeni eziphansi ze-SES bangase babonise ukuziphatha okuphazamisa ikhono labo lokuphumelela esikoleni. Njengoba kwenza uthisha ka-Eliya, ngezinye izikhathi izisebenzi zesikole zicabanga ukuthi umfundi okukhulunywa ngaye akazimisele, uyavilapha noma unomkhaya ongawusekeli. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bangase bacabange ukuthi umfundi unokukhubazeka okuthinta ukufunda noma ukuziphatha kwakhe.
Okungenziwa Othisha
Ukuze bafundise ngempumelelo abafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi, othisha kufanele bacabangele umthelela izici zangaphandle ezingaba nawo ekusebenzeni kwabafundi babo ezifundweni. Nakuba le mithelela ingaba mikhulu, kunezinyathelo othisha abangazithatha ukuze banciphise le miphumela engemihle, njengaleyo engezansi. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi akubona bonke abafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi ababhekana nezinselele ezifanayo noma abaziphatha ngendlela efanayo.
Othisha abakha ubudlelwano obuqinile nabafundi babo bayakwazi kangcono ukubona izidingo zomfundi ngamunye. Nakuba othisha bengase bakwazi ukubhekana nezinye zalezi zidingo, ababodwa ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsiza nokusekelwa kwabafundi abavela emakhaya ane-SES ephansi. Amanye amalungu esikole anolwazi oluthile (isb. umeluleki wesikole, usonhlalakahle, umhlengikazi wesikole, umlawuli) angasiza ekuhlonzeni izidingo eziyisisekelo zomfundi futhi azixhumanise nezinsiza nezinsiza. Okuningi kwalokhu kungahlinzekwa yisikole (isb., izinto zesikole, ukudla kwasekuseni nesasemini, ibhange lokudla). Kwezinye izimo, izisebenzi zesikole zingaxhuma abafundi nemindeni kuma-ejensi omphakathi namaqembu anikeza ukwesekwa okukhethekile noma amasevisi (isb., izinsizakalo zamazinyo, ukubona kanye nokuhlolwa kokuzwa). Ngokungeziwe kulokhu kusekelwa okusekelwe esikoleni, othisha bangasiza futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zalaba bafundi ngoku:
- Ukwakha ubudlelwano obuqinile, obuhle nabafundi ukuze baqonde kangcono izimo nezidingo zabo
- Ukuhlela isikhathi sokuba bafinyelele izinsiza (isb, umtapo wolwazi, ikhompuyutha, izindawo ezithule zokufunda, isikhathi) kanye nokuqedela imisebenzi
- Ukunikeza usizo ngezidingo zokufundisa
Laba bafundi bangase babe nokuzethemba okuphansi futhi bangase bangatholi ukuqiniswa okuningi okuhle; ngakho-ke, othisha kudingeka banikeze impendulo eyakhayo futhi basungule izinqubo zasekilasini ezandisa ugqozi nokuzibandakanya kwabafundi. Othisha bangakwenza lokhu ngokuthi:
- Ukuhlinzeka imivuzo yangaphandle (isb, amapensela, izitikha, isikhathi esengeziwe sekhompyutha)
x
umvuzo wangaphandle
glossary
- Ukunikeza udumo oluvamile (qaphela: akudingeki ukuthi uhlobane nomsebenzi othile)
- Ukufaka amandla nezintshisekelo zabafundi ekufundiseni
- Kubandakanya izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zokusiza abafundi baqonde ukuthi okuqukethwe kuhlobene kanjani nempilo yabo
- Ukusungula okulindelwe okuphezulu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi banokufinyelela okulinganayo kokuqukethwe okuqinile
Ngokuvamile, imindeni ehlala emakhaya ane-SES ephansi ayizibandakanyi kangako esikoleni ngenxa yezinto eziningi (isb, izingxabano zomsebenzi, ukuntuleka kwezinto zokuhamba, isipiliyoni esibi esikoleni somuntu siqu). Ukwengeza, le mindeni ingase izizwe ingahlonishwa, ingakhululekile, noma sengathi inokuncane okunganikela ngayo esikoleni somntwana wayo. Nokho, amashumi eminyaka ocwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi lapho imindeni ihileleka emfundweni yezingane zayo, abafundi babonisa ukuthuthuka ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo, ukuya, ukuziphatha, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu kanye namazinga okuphothula. Othisha bangakwazi ukugqugquzela ukuzibandakanya komndeni ngokuthi:
- Ukuthola izindlela zokufinyelela imindeni, ikakhulukazi uma ingenalo ucingo, ingakwazi ukukhuluma isiNgisi, noma ingakwazi ukufunda
- Ukuhlela izinkomfa ngezikhathi ezilungele abazali
- Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla nokunakekelwa kwezingane ngenkathi kubanjwa izingqungquthela zabazali/nothisha
- Umhlangano wezingqungquthela ezikhungweni zomphakathi noma kwezinye izindawo ukuze kwandiswe inani labakhona phakathi kwemindeni engenazo izinto zokuhamba
- Ukugcizelela amandla omfundi lapho enezingxoxo nabazali
- Ukukhuthaza imibono yomndeni kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abazali bayazi ukuthi imibono yabo ibalulekile
- Ukuqaphela umkhaya kungase kube nezinto eziza kuqala ezihlukahlukene kumfundi
Ngenxa yokuthi abafundi abavela kuzizinda eziphansi ze-SES bangase babonise amakhono olimi abambezelekile, othisha bangasebenzisa izinqubo ezisekelwe ebufakazini ukuze basize ukuthuthukisa amakhono olimi abafundi. Lokhu kungalamula eminye yemiphumela engemihle ubumpofu engaba nayo ekusebenzeni kwabafundi ezifundweni zabo. Lalela njengoba i-Dolores Battle ixoxa ngokubaluleka kolimi ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda nokubhala nokuthi yini othisha abangayenza ukuze basekele ukufunda kwabafundi (isikhathi: 2:14).
I-Dolores Battle, PhD
USolwazi Emeritus Buffalo State College
Okulotshiweyo: I-Dolores Battle, PhD
Lapho ingane ingena futhi kungokokuqala ngqa ukuchayeka esikoleni, enye yezinto eziyinhloko uthisha azicabangela yona iwukuthi, Kuye kwaba yini ukuchayeka kwale ngane ekukwazi ukufunda kungakafundi? Hlobo luni lolimi oluqhubekayo ekhaya? Kunocwaningo oluningi olubonisa ukuthi lapho iholo liphansi, imfundo yabazali iyancipha, ulimi oluncane izingane ezilukhulumayo ekhaya—amagama amancane, ulwazimagama oluncane, imisho emifushane, imibuzo engaqondile, zonke lezi zinto ezinomthelela esisekelweni esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala esikoleni. Futhi asifuni ukukuthatha ngokuthi ngoba lo mndeni uneholo eliphansi ukuthi bonke bangene esikoleni benganamakhono. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukubheka ukuthi yini ingane eza nayo esikoleni, isizinda sayo. Konke kumayelana nolimi. Kuwukwazi ukulalela, ukuqonda ulwazimagama, indlela yokubuza imibuzo. Izingane eziningi ekhaya azivunyelwe ukubuza imibuzo, ikakhulukazi ukuze uthole ulwazi oluvela kubazali bazo. Abavunyelwe ukuqalisa izingxoxo nabantu abadala. Nakhu-ke sebexoxisana lapho benothisha osekhulile, nomuntu omdala ongajwayelekile njengoba enjalo. Ngakho-ke kuleyo minyaka yokuqala, konke kumayelana nokuthuthukisa amakhono olimi, amakhono okuqonda, namakhono okukhuluma. Ngakho-ke othisha kumele baqaphele ukuthi udinga ukuba naleso sisekelo esiqine kakhulu olimini njengemfuneko yokufunda nokubhala. Futhi uma wehluleka ukwakha lokho, ingane izosala ngemuva unomphela. Kudingeka bafunde kakhulu, bathuthukise ulwazimagama, baqinisekise ukuthi izingane ziyakuqonda ngempela okufundwayo. Hhayi nje ukufunda incwadi kanye, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha izikhathi ezine neziyisihlanu ukufunda incwadi. Njengoba nje izingane zenza emndenini lapho kufundwa incwadi, incwadi efanayo, nsuku zonke inyanga, izinyanga ezimbili, ngoba lokho kuba incwadi eyintandokazi yengane. Ngokuvamile, othisha basekilasini bacabanga ukuthi uma sebeyifundile indaba, sekwanele. Kodwa uma uzothuthukisa isisekelo sokwazi ukufunda nokubhala, kuzofanele kulandele lowo mthetho ofanayo, lapho izingane zithola khona ulwazi. Bafunda ukubuza imibuzo ngakho. Bafunda ukubikezela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani, konke okwenzeka emakhaya lapho ukufunda nokubhala kuthuthukiswa kusenesikhathi. Kufanele kulandelwe leyo nqubo uma izingane ezingena esikoleni ezingenaso leso sisekelo.
Activity
Emasontweni amathathu onyaka wesikole, uNkz. Arellano, uthisha wesiNgisi webanga leshumi esikoleni esiphakeme sasemadolobheni, ukhungathekile ngokuthi abaningi babafundi bakhe basanazo izinto ezidingekayo, ezibiza ngaphansi kwama-$10.
Ngenxa yalokhu, izifundo zakhe zivame ukuphazamiseka njengoba abafundi bezama ukuboleka izinto zokufunda kofunda nabo. Abafundi abaningi bathi abanayo imali yokuthenga lezi zinto. Nakuba azi ukuthi abaningi babo bafanelekela ukudla kwasemini kwamahhala noma okuncishisiwe, uNkk. Arellano uyazibuza ukuthi abafundi bakhe bangakwazi kanjani ukuthenga izingubo ezibizayo nezinto zikagesi, futhi akaqondi ukuthi imindeni yabo ithethelela kanjani ukuthenga lezi zinto ezibizayo esikhundleni sezinto zesikole eziyisisekelo.
Ithini imibono yakho ngabafundi abakulesi simo? Ungabhekana kanjani neqiniso lokuthi abafundi abanazo izinto ezidingekayo?
Kumsindo wokuqala, u-Richard Milner unikeza imininingwane ethile ngalesi simo. Kweyesibili, uxoxa ngendlela othisha abangasingatha ngayo izimo ezifanayo.
H. Richard Milner IV, PhD
USolwazi Odidiyelwe, Umnyango Wezokufundisa Nokufunda
I-Vanderbilt University
Umbhalo: H. Richard Milner IV, PhD (Imininingwane)
Ngicabanga ukuthi lesi yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu, futhi sikhuluma nalokho othisha abaningi ababhekana nakho. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile ukuze abafundi babambe iqhaza kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo, ukubamba iqhaza ekusebenzelaneni nabangane babo kanye nabafunda nabo, iwukuba bazizwe bejabule ngokuthi bangobani. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokho kusho ukuthi abafundi bangase bazizwe sengathi kufanele babe nemfashini yakamuva, izicathulo zethenisi ezintsha kakhulu, noma ihembe le-polo lakamuva, nanoma yini eyenzekayo. Kodwa okubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abafundi benza lokho ngoba befuna ukuzizwa kahle ngabo. Ngifunde izikole zasemadolobheni. Ngenze umsebenzi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngenze umsebenzi wami omningi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Futhi esikutholayo ukuthi abafundi babhekana nezinkinga zomazisi kuzo zonke lezo zikhala. Futhi izindlela abafundi abasabela ngazo ekucindezelekeni ababhekana nazo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okwezemfundo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuhlobo nomngane noma abafunda nabo—basabela kulezo zingcindezi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Futhi ngakho abanye abafundi bangase bahambe bayokwenza izidakamizwa. Abanye abafundi bangase bayeke ukuya ekilasini. Abanye abafundi bangase bathenge izinto—ubuchwepheshe, izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo—esingazibona njengezibalulekile kulokho okubalulekile ngokukhula kwazo. Ucezu olukhulu ukuthi abafundi babhekana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu ezimweni ezihlukene, futhi isinqumo sabafundi noma sabazali sokuthi izingane zabo zithenge izingubo zokugqoka noma izicathulo kumane kuyindlela eyodwa yokusebenza kulowo mbhalo.
Okulotshiweyo: H. Richard Milner IV, PhD (Ebhekana nenkinga)
Abanye abafundi bancike kakhulu esikoleni kunabanye abafundi, ngakho-ke isikole kufanele sidlale indima ebalulekile yokusabela ezidingweni zezomnotho nezemfundo zabafundi. Ezingeni lesakhiwo, lokhu kudlula ikilasi likathisha. Ngicabanga ukuthi isikole kufanele sibe nesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi banakho abakudingayo ukuze baphumelele. Okwesibili ukuthi, uma abafundi beqonda isidingo sokuthi babambe iqhaza kulokho okwenzeka ekilasini nokuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi basebenzise imali ezinsizeni ukuze baphumelele, lokho kuyingxenye yomsebenzi engicabanga ukuthi kufanele wenziwe ngendlela ecacile nothisha esiza abafundi baqonde ukuthi kungani ebaphoqa ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza ezintweni ezihlobene nesikole kunokuba bathenge izicathulo noma izingubo zokugqoka nanoma yini eyenzekayo. Kodwa ukuze lezo zinhlobo zezingxoxo zenzeke, uthisha kufanele akhe ubudlelwano obuqinile nobuqinile nalabo bafundi. Uma uthisha engakhanga ubuhlobo obuqinile kangangokuthi angase athi, "Lalela, bafana, ngifuna uphumelele. Ngiyakukhathalela, futhi ngifisa ngempela ukuthi ungagcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwakho kwezemfundo kunokuba ukhathazeke ngokuthi ubukeka kanjani noma izinhlobo zezicathulo ozigqoka "kanye nalezo zinhlobo zezinto.
Manje, ukuze enze lokho, lokho kusho ukuthi kuzomele aphikisane nezinto eziningi abafundi asebezikholelwa ngabo futhi bazibandakanye ngempela ezingxoxweni futhi balalele abafundi ngokuthi kungani bekhetha ukuchitha imali bethenga izingubo zokugqoka noma ezicathulweni esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinsiza zekilasi. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi lokho kwenziwa futhi ngokubonisana nabazali. Ikhono lalo thisha lokukhuluma nokuzwelana nabazali libalulekile ukuze uthisha nabazali bakwazi ukubambisana ezintweni ezibalulekile. Ngicabanga ukuthi into engalimaza kakhulu kunokuhle wukuthi uthisha angene ngendlela yokwahlulela nabazali ngokuthi kungani abazali bethatha izinqumo. Ngakho-ke kufanele kube ukubambisana, uyazi: "Ngiyayikhathalela ingane yakho. Ngifuna ukuthi iphumelele. Nakhu ongakwenza ukuze ungisize kulokho. Manje, ngivulelekile njengothisha ukuzwa ukuthi yiziphi izinto engingayenza ukuze ngigcwalise futhi ngingezele okudingekayo ukuze ingane yakho iphumelele."
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuqukethwe okuxoxwe ngakho kuleli khasi, buka izinsiza ezilandelayo ze-IRIS. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zinsiza azidingeki ukufundwa ukuze uqedele le mojula. Izixhumanisi zalezi zinsiza zingatholakala kuthebhu Yezinsiza Ezengeziwe ekhasini Lezithenjwa, Izinsiza Ezengeziwe, kanye Namakhredithi.
Ukuzibandakanya Komndeni: Ukusebenzisana Nemindeni Yabafundi Abakhubazekile Le mojula—isibuyekezo sokuthi Ukusebenzisana Nemindeni, eyasungulwa ekuqaleni ngokubambisana ne-PACER Center—ikhuluma ngokubaluleka kokubandakanya imindeni yabafundi abakhubazekile emfundweni yezingane zabo. Igqamisa ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta le mindeni futhi iveza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwakha ubudlelwano nokudala amathuba okuzibandakanya (est. isikhathi sokuqeda: ihora elingu-1). |
