Ndi ntchito ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusukulu?
Tsamba 7: Ntchito Zochizira Pathupi
Thandizo la thupi monga ntchito yogwirizana ndi izi lapangidwa kuti lithandize ophunzira olumala kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo m'masukulu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo m'kalasi, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi malo osewerera. Ophunzira omwe angapindule ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chochokera kusukulu akhoza kukhala ndi olumala monga cerebral palsy, Matenda a Down, kapena kuchedwa kwachitukuko komwe kumakhudza kayendetsedwe kawo kapena kaimidwe. Ophunzira omwe angapindule ndi ntchito za PT atha kukumana ndi zovuta:
cerebral palsy
matanthauzo
Matenda a Down
matanthauzo
Kuyenda kapena kusanja- Kusunga malo abwino okhala pamadesiki awo
- Zonyamulira (monga mabuku, thireyi ya nkhomaliro)
- Kutsegula locker
- Kukhalabe ndi mphamvu kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali mokwanira muzochita
- Kuyendera malo akusukulu (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo, choyenda, kapena chikuku)
- Kuwongolera bwalo lamasewera kapena zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi
- Kusamutsa (mwachitsanzo, kuchoka pa woyenda kupita kuchimbudzi, kuchoka pampando wa desiki kupita poyimirira)
- Kuchoka pamalo amodzi kupita kwina panthawi yomwe yaperekedwa
- Kutenga nawo mbali muzochita zolimbitsa thupi zachizolowezi
Othandizira Oyenerera:
Ma Physical Therapists (PT) kapena Physical Therapist assistants (PTA) akuyenera kukhala ndi ziphaso zadziko ndi boma. PTs ayenera kuti adatsiriza pulogalamu ya digiri yovomerezeka. Ma PTA ayenera kuti adamaliza maphunziro awo ndi digiri ya anzawo kuchokera ku pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya PTA ndipo ayenera kugwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi PT.
Ntchito: Othandizira olimbitsa thupi amagwira ntchito ndi ophunzira omwe ali ndi vuto la kuyenda kapena luso losasunthika (monga kuthamanga, kudumpha, kudumphadumpha, kudumpha, ndi luso la mpira) zomwe zimakhudza kupambana kwawo m'kalasi kapena zochitika zokhudzana ndi sukulu. Udindo waukulu wa PT kapena PTA ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ophunzira olumala atha kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro awo ndi maphunziro awo okhudzana ndi sukulu komanso kutenga nawo gawo pazogwirizana nazo.
Ophunzira
- Gwirani ntchito ndi aphunzitsi kuti mupange malo okhala mkalasi, ndikulimbikitsa kaimidwe, kusanja, komanso kupezeka
- Apangireni malingaliro kwa mabanja kuti apange malo oyenera ochitira homuweki
Non-Academics
- Konzani mapulani othawa (monga moto, zovuta) kwa ophunzira olumala
- Konzani mapulogalamu azaumoyo ndi thanzi la ophunzira omwe ali ndi olumala komanso opanda
- Phunzitsani ogwira ntchito m'njira zonyamulira, kusamutsa, kugwira, ndikuyika bwino ophunzirawa
- Phunzitsani ogwira ntchito cholinga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida zilizonse zapadera za ophunzira (monga, zikuku, zoyenda, orthos)
Zochita zowonjezera-curricular
- Gwirizanani ndi aphunzitsi omwe amachita zotuluka kusukulu (mwachitsanzo, gulu, makalabu) kuti zosowa za ophunzira zikwaniritsidwe m'madera onse.
- Gwirani ntchito ndi ophunzira omwe ali m'malo ophunzitsira ntchito komanso malo ammudzi kuti mulimbikitse mwayi wopezeka m'malo amenewo
- Thandizani ophunzira omwe ali pakusintha kukonzekera zosowa zawo zakuthupi m'malo otsatira (mwachitsanzo, kusekondale, koleji, ntchito)
National Professional Organisation: American Physical Therapy Association (https://www.apta.org/ ndi gawo lake la Pediatrics ( https://pediatricapta.org/)
Nore ndi wophunzira wa sitandade yachiwiri m’kalasi ya maphunziro wamba yemwe ali ndi matenda a muubongo. Zolinga zake za IEP ndi:
- Kusunga bwino m’malo asukulu
- Kuyenda pasukulu paokha
Onerani mavidiyo omwe ali pansipa kuti muwone momwe Donna Schlappi, PT wa Nore, amagwirira ntchito naye kuti akwaniritse zolingazi.
Mu kanema woyamba, amamuthandiza Nore kuyeseza kuyenda kwake ponyamula thireyi yokhala ndi zinthu. Mwanjira imeneyi, akuyembekeza kuthandiza Nore kuphunzira kunyamula thireyi ndi chakudya m'chipinda chodyera (nthawi: 2:47).
Zolemba: Nore Amachita Kuyenda Kwake Moyenera
Wothandizira: Tikupita, wokondedwa. Tidutsa kumeneko, chabwino? Ndipo, penyani, iwo asakanizidwa. Ntchito yabwino. O, zabwino kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi vuto ndi zazikuluzo. Zimenezo zinali zabwino kwambiri. Zabwino. Ntchito yabwino. O, zabwino kwambiri. Chabwino. Tiyeni tiyesetse kunyamula thireyi yanu pang'ono, chabwino, chifukwa lero tipitanso kodyerako. Ndinapeza imodzi mwazovuta. Tiyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma Styro angapo…timakhala ndi vuto chifukwa cha Styrofoam omwe ndi opepuka kwambiri, kotero iye ndi ine timagwira ntchito ndi tray yolimba. Tikugwira ntchito yoyimitsa-ndi-kupita. Ntchito yabwino. Chabwino, kodi mukufuna zolemera kaye kapena mpira?
Mnyamata wamng'ono: Zolemera.
Wothandizira: Zolemera, chabwino. Tikugwira ntchito moyenera pamene tikunyamula tray yathu. Kodi mungandiyimire? Imani, imani. Kuyimitsa bwino. Kuyimitsa nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta ndi kulinganiza kwake, kotero timagwira ntchito zoima ndi kupita. Tiyeni tipite ku bwalo lotsatira. Ntchito yabwino. Ndipo imani. Zabwino.
Kotero tsopano tikukonzekera kulinganiza mpira pa thireyi kuti izi zisunthike kwa iye kunyamula thireyi yake ya nkhomaliro ndi zinthu zomwe zingawonongeke. Ntchito yabwino, yabwino kwambiri. Ntchito yabwino komanso kachiwiri… Zabwino kwambiri. Mzere winanso. Ntchito yabwino. Chabwino.
Pezani chokoleti chanu. Ntchito yabwino. Ndiye ife titsogolere apo ndi kukagwira tray. Chabwino, izi ndizo. Zikuwoneka ngati turkey ndi sipinachi kapena ham ndi mbatata kapena…zodzaza, pepani.
Mnyamata wamng'ono: Kodi ndimachita izi?
Wothandizira: Eeh. Kodi mungalowe pansi pake? O, ayi. Pitilizani ndigwire imodzi. Ndiwe wabwino, wabwino kwambiri. Chabwino, pitirirani ndikuyiyika pa tray yanu. Chabwino, apo inu mukupita. Ndiye mungakonde mbatata kapena nyemba zobiriwira?
Mnyamata wamng'ono: Zitheba.
Wothandizira: Chabwino, tsopano ndikufuna kutsika mpaka kwanu komwe kumakhala mpando wanu wamba.
(Tsekani gulu ili)
Mu kanema wotsatira, onerani pamene Nore akugwira ntchito molingana ndi kalasi ya PE nthawi zonse mothandizidwa ndi PT yake (nthawi: 0:23).
Transcript: Nore amagwira ntchito pa Balance yake panthawi ya PE Class
Wothandizira: Chabwino, bwanawe, titsikira ku PE ndi anzanu. Chabwino.
Tsopano inu mudzamuwona iye akuthamanga kutsika mu maholo.
Stereo mu Gym: "Sererani kumanzere. Yendani kumanja. Crisscross. Crisscross. Tsopano kulumpha bwino kwambiri."
PT's Corner
Mvetserani pamene Marcia Kaminker akufotokoza chithandizo chamankhwala m'malo asukulu.
Marcia K. Kaminker, PT, DPT, MS, PCS
Physical Therapist,
Dipatimenti Yothandizira Ophunzira
South Brunswick School District
South Brunswick, NJ
Kuzindikira kufunikira kwa mautumiki (nthawi: 1:23)
Kugwira ntchito mu chilengedwe (nthawi: 1:19)
Kugwira ntchito pagulu (nthawi: 0:43)
Zolemba: Marcia K. Kaminker, PT, DPT, MS, PCS - Kuzindikira kufunikira kwa mautumiki
Ophunzira omwe ali ndi zilema zomwe zimakhudza kayendetsedwe kawo kapena kaimidwe kawo, kapena kuthekera kwawo kukhala pampando wakalasi angapindule ndi PT yochokera kusukulu. Ndi ntchito ya kusukulu osati matenda achipatala omwe amatsimikizira kufunikira kwa chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri timawona otumizidwa chifukwa wophunzira ali ndi matenda. Ndiye funso langa nthawi zonse limakhala, koma izi zimakhudza bwanji ntchito yawo kusukulu? Timawona ophunzira ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda achipatala monga cerebral palsy, kapena kuchedwa kwa chitukuko, kapena Down syndrome, kapena kuvulala koopsa muubongo, kapena autism spectrum disorders, kapena matenda osiyanasiyana opita patsogolo a neuromuscular, kapena ngakhale kusokonezeka kwa chitukuko. Chifukwa chake ophunzira amatha kukhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, mwachitsanzo, amatha kukhala ndi vuto loyenda ndi anzawo akusukulu akamayendayenda pasukulu kapena pokwera ndi kutsika masitepe. Angathe kulephera kuyendetsa njinga zawo za olumala, kapena amagwa kawirikawiri pamene akusewera panja pa malo osagwirizana, kapena amavutika kuyendera zida za bwalo lamasewera, kapena akhoza kulephera kuchita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi, maphunziro a thupi.
Zolemba: Marcia K. Kaminker, PT, DPT, MS, PCS - Kugwira ntchito zachilengedwe
Ndikofunikira kuti kulowererapo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyenera kuchitika m'malo achilengedwe, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, chifukwa kafukufuku wophunzirira magalimoto amatiuza kuti kulowererapo komwe kumaperekedwa mwachilengedwe ndikosavuta kwambiri ku zochitika zenizeni zamoyo. PT ingagwire ntchito limodzi ndi wophunzirayo kuti azitha kuyenda bwino pasukulu, kaya poyenda kapena pa njinga ya olumala, m'malo osiyanasiyana m'sukulu, m'kalasi, m'mabwalo, m'chipinda chodyeramo, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, pamasitepe, m'mphepete mwa mipiringidzo, mipata, masitepe a basi, ndi panja. PT ikhoza kugwira ntchito ndi wophunzirayo kuti apititse patsogolo luso la magalimoto omwe angamuthandize kutenga nawo mbali mu maphunziro, kuphatikizapo phys. ed. pulogalamu ndi kukulitsa luso lamagalimoto lomwe lingathandize pamasewera akunja panthawi yopuma. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kuwongolera kwa postural kuti wophunzira athe kukhala nthawi yayitali mkalasi. Angagwire ntchito yolinganiza ndi kugwirizanitsa, kuzindikira kwa thupi, ndi kulimbitsa minofu, mpaka momwe zimathandizira kugwira ntchito.
Zolemba: Marcia K. Kaminker, PT, DPT, MS, PCS - Kugwira ntchito pagulu
Ma PT oyambira kusukulu ayenera kukhala mamembala aluso a gulu, ndipo akuyenera kuvomereza kuti udindo wawo ndikuthandizira pulogalamu yamaphunziro. M'malo ena, monga m'malo ogona odwala, PT imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, koma kusukulu ndi mphunzitsi wakalasi osati PT yemwe ali wamkulu pagulu. Zimenezi zikhoza kusintha kwa ena a ife. PTs ndizozoloŵeranso kupereka manja mwachindunji pa ntchito, koma m'malo a sukulu zambiri zomwe timachitapo sizikhala zachindunji kudzera muzokambirana komanso kuti kusintha kwa maganizo kungakhale kovuta.
