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  • The Pre-Referral Process: Procedures for Supporting Students with Academic and Behavioral Concerns
Challenge
Initial Thoughts
Perspectives & Resources

What is the pre-referral process?

  • 1: Overview of the Pre-Referral Process
  • 2: Goals and Benefits of the Pre-Referral Process

What are the stages of the pre-referral process and what do they involve?

  • 3: Six Stages in the Pre-Referral Process
  • 4: Stage 1: Initial Concern
  • 5: Stage 2: Information Gathering
  • 6: Stage 3: Information Sharing and Team Discussion
  • 7: Stage 4: Discussion of Possible Strategies
  • 8: Stage 5: Implementation and Monitoring of Strategies
  • 9: Stage 6: Evaluation and Decision Making

Resources

  • 10: References, Additional Resources, and Credits
Wrap Up
Assessment
Provide Feedback

Resources

Page 10: References, Additional Resources, and Credits

To cite this module, please use the following:

The IRIS Center. (2008). The pre-referral process: Procedures for supporting students with academic and behavioral concerns. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/preref/

References

Note: The references in this section reflect the source material used to construct this module. The links to these references are not updated.

Albemarle County Public Schools. (2008). School based intervention teams. Retrieved May 14, 2008, from http://schoolcenter.k12albemarle.org/education/dept/dept.php?sectiondetailid=17967

Bahr, M. W., & Kovaleski, J. F. (2006). The need for problem-solving teams: Introduction to the special issue. Remedial and Special Education, 27(1), 2–5.

Batsche, G. (n.d.) Building support. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://www.rtinetwork.org/GetStarted/BuildSupport/ar/BuildingSupport

Cortiella, C. (2004). Response-to-intervention—An emerging method for LD identification. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from http://www.greatschools.net/cgi-bin/showarticle/2840

Ehren, B. J. (n.d.). RTI Action Network—Ask the experts. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://www.rtinetwork.org/Connect/AskExperts

Elementary & Middle Schools Technical Assistance Center. (n.d.). The disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minorities in special education-research highlights: The prereferral intervention process. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www.emstac.org/registered/topics/disproportionality/researchhighlights/prereferral.htm

Gersten, R., & Dimino, J. A. (2006). RTI (response to intervention): Rethinking special education for students with reading difficulties (yet again). Reading Research Quarterly, 41(1), 99–108.

GreatSchools, the Parent’s Guide to K–12 Success. (2006). Accommodations, modifications, and alternate assessments: How they affect instruction and assessment. Retrieved April 7, 2008, from http://www.greatschools.org/special-education/legal-rights/accommodations-IEP.gs?content=713

Gregory, A. (2008). Report to Albemarle County schools: Studies of school based intervention teams (SBIT). University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Intervention Central. (2005). School-Based Intervention Team Resources Page. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http://www.interventioncentral.org/htmdocs/interventions/sbit.php

Johnson, E. S., & Smith, L. (2008, Janurary/ February). Implementation of response to intervention at middle school. Teaching Exceptional Children, 40(3), 46–52.

Kovaleski, J. F., & Glew, M. C. (2006). Bringing instructional support teams to scale: Implications of the Pennsylvania experience. Remedial and Special Education, 27(1), 16–25.

National Association of State Directors of Special Education (NASDSE). (2006). Myths about response to intervention (RTI) implementation. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://www.nasdse.org/Portals/0/Documents/Download%20Publications/Myths%20about%20RtI.pdf

National Center for Learning Disabilities. (n.d.). Commission on No Child Left Behind publishes report: No provisions for early childhood education, no provisions for formative assessments. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://www.ncld.org/content/view/1190/389/. No longer available.

National Center for Learning Disabilities. (n.d.). The parent’s guide to IDEA: Chapter 1: Pre-referral services. Retrieved October 18, 2011, from http://www.ncld.org/at-school/your-childs-rights/parents-guide-to-idea/chapter-1-pre-referral-svcs

National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities. (2005). Responsiveness to intervention and learning disabilities. Retrieved June 18, 2008, from http://www.ldonline.org/article/11498

Rinaldi, C., & Samson, J. (2008, May/ June). English language learners and response to intervention referral considerations. Teaching Exceptional Children, 40(5), 6–14.

Schrag, J. A., & Henderson, K. (1996). School-based intervention assistance teams and their impact on special education: Final report. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Special Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED392196). Retrieved from ERIC database.

Smith, D. D., & Tyler, T. C. (in press, 2010). Introduction to special education: Making a difference. Columbus, OH: Merrill/ Pearson Publishing.

Sugai, G. (n.d.) School-wide positive behavior support and response to intervention. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://www.rtinetwork.org/Learn/Behavior/ar/SchoolwideBehavior

Support Team for At Risk Students. (2007). Meeting forms and related resources. Retrieved June 6, 2008, from.scsd.us/~test/STARS_forms_full_Sept06.doc

Tam, K., & Heng, M. (2005). A case involving culturally and linguistically diverse parents in pre-referral intervention. Intervention in School and Clinic, 40(4), 222–230.

U.S. Department of Education. (2003). General education instructional setting. (ED-4088/2003-MR/FD Resource Packet).

Additional Resources

Web Resources

Intervention Central http://interventioncentral.org/

This site provides resources on school-based intervention teams as designed and implemented in the Syracuse, New York, city school district. Among the materials and resources on offer are videos, fact sheets, pre-made forms, and a variety of related information.

LD Online http://www.ldonline.org/

This expansive website houses information and resources pertaining to learning disabilities for use by educators, parents, and students alike. Visitors interested in learning more about the pre-referral process will find a host of informative materials.

The National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCRESt) https://nccrest.weebly.com

The National Center for Culturally Responsive Educational Systems (NCCRESt) website offers a wealth of information related to reducing inappropriate referrals to special education among students from linguistically diverse backgrounds.

Credits

Content Collaborator:

Don Compton

Module Developer:

Amy Harris

Module Production Team:

Editor:
Jason Miller

Reviewers: 
Janice Brown
Kim Skow
Deb Smith
Naomi Tyler
Zina Yzquierdo

Permissions: 
Janet Church

Transcriptions: 
Pamela Dismuke

Audio engineers: 
Erik Dunton
John Harwood

Media specialist/technical support:
Erik Dunton

Web master: 
John Harwood

Media

Graphics: 
Erik Dunton

Music: 
Erik Dunton

Narration:
Gina Haning

Photos: 
Clipart
Rick Slaughter
Little Planet
iStockPhoto
Allyn & Bacon
ReelVision Media
Kerri Charlton
“Don Compton” courtesy of The IRIS Center

All other media and images courtesy of the IRIS Center.

Expert Interviews:
Don Compton (Wrap Up)

When you are ready, proceed to the Wrap Up section.

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