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  • Classroom Behavior Management (Part 1): Key Concepts and Foundational Practices
Challenge
Initial Thoughts
Perspectives & Resources

What should teachers understand about effective classroom behavior management?

  • 1: Effects of Disruptive Behavior
  • 2: Classroom and School-Wide Behavior Management
  • 3: Cultural Influences on Behavior
  • 4: Key Principles of Classroom Behavior Management

How can teachers increase the chances that their students will behave appropriately?

  • 5: Create a Positive Climate
  • 6: Create a Structured Classroom
  • 7: Use Surface Management Strategies
  • 8: Develop a Comprehensive Classroom Behavior Management Plan

Resources

  • 9: References, Additional Resources, and Credits
Wrap Up
Assessment
Provide Feedback

Resources

Page 9: References, Additional Resources, and Credits

To cite this module, please use the following:

The IRIS Center. (2012, 2021). Classroom behavior management (part 1): Key concepts and foundational practices. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/beh1/

References

Note: The references in this section reflect the source material used to construct this module. The links to these references are not updated.

Aloe, A. M., Amo, L. C., & Shanahan, M. E. (2014). Classroom management self-efficacy and burnout: A multivariate meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 26, 101–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-013-9244-0

Alter, P., & Haydon, T. (2017). Characteristics of effective classroom rules: A review of the literature. Teacher Education and Special Education, 40(2), 114–127.

Archambault, I., Vandenbossche-Makombo, J. & Fraser, S.L. (2017). Students’ oppositional behaviors and engagement in school: The differential role of the student-teacher relationship. Journal of Child Family Studies, 26, 1702–1712.

Buccella, A. (2020). Support mental health and well-being of K-12 students and staff during COVID-19. Retrieved from https://eab.com/insights/expert-insight/district-leadership/support-mental-health-and-wellbeing-of-students-and-staff-during-coronavirus/

Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. (n.d.). Examples: Expectations matrix poster. Retrieved from https://www.pbis.org/resource/expectations-matrix-poster

Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. (n.d.). Getting started. Retrieved from https://www.pbis.org/pbis/getting-started

Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. (2021). Returning to school during and after crisis: A guide to supporting states, districts, schools, educators, and students through multi-tiered systems of support framework. Retrieved from https://mtss.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Returning-to-School-During-and-After-Crisis.pdf

Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, State Implementation and Scaling up of Evidence-Based Practices Center, National Integrated Multi-Tiered Systems of Support Research Network, National Center on Improving Literacy, & Lead for Literacy Center. (2020). Returning to school during and after crisis: A guide to supporting states, districts, schools, educators, and students through a multi-tiered systems of support framework during the 2020-2021 school year. University of Oregon. Retrieved from https://assets-global.website-files.com/5d3725188825e071f1670246/604285e7e3985105cbd0f14a_Returning%20to%20School%20During%20and%20After%20Crisis.pdf

Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports. (n.d.). Tier 1. Retrieved from https://www.pbis.org/pbis/tier-1

Charles, C. M., & Senter, G. W. (2008). Elementary classroom education (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Conroy, M. A., Alter, P. J., & Sutherland, K. S. (2014). Classroom-based research in the field of EBD: Future research directions. In P. Garner (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of emotional and behavioral difficulties (pp. 465–477). London, England: SAGE.

Cooper, J. T., & Scott, T. M. (2017). The keys to managing instruction and behavior: Considering high probability practices. Teacher Education and Special Education, 40(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406417700825

Delpit, L. (2006). Other people’s children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York: New Press.

Flower, A., McKenna, J. & Haring. C. (2017) Behavior and classroom management: Are teacher preparation programs really preparing our teachers? Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 61(2), 163–169. doi//10.1080/1045988X.2016.1231109

Freeman, J., Simonsen, B., Briere, D. E., & MacSuga-Gage, A. S. (2014). Pre-service teacher training in classroom management: A review of state accreditation policy and teacher preparation programs. Teacher Education and Special Education, 37(2), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406413507002

Gage, N. A., Scott, T., Hirn, R., & MacSuga-Gage, A. S. (2018). The relationship between teachers’ implementation of classroom management practices and student behavior in elementary school. Behavioral Disorders, 43(2), 302–315. https://doi.org/10.1177/0198742917714809

Gonzalez, L., Brown, M., & Slate, J. (2008). Teachers who left the teaching profession: A qualitative understanding. The Qualitative Report, 13(1), 1–11.

Griffith, D., & Tyner, A. (2019). Discipline reform through the eyes of teachers. Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Retrieved from http://fordhaminstitute.org/national/research/discipline-reform-through-the-eyes-of-teachers

Herman, K., & Reinke, W. (2015). Stress management for teachers: A proactive guide. New York: Guilford.

Hershfeldt, P. A., Sechrest, R., Pell, K. L., Rosenberg, M. S., Bradshaw C. P., and Leaf, P. J. (2009) Double-check: A framework of cultural responsiveness applied to classroom behavior. Teaching Exceptional Children Plus, 6(2).

Ingersoll, R. M., & Smith, T. M. (2003). The wrong solution to the teacher shortage. Educational Leadership, 60, 30–33.

Kincheloe, J. L. (1999). How do we tell the workers? The socioeconomic foundations of work and vocational education. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge.

Larson, K. E., Pas, E. T., Bradshaw, C. P., Rosenberg, M. S., & Day-Vines, N. L. (2018). Examining how proactive management and culturally responsive teaching relate to student behavior: Implications for measurement and practice. School Psychology Review, 47(2), 153–166. doi: 10.17105/SPR-2017-0070.V47-2

Lehr, C. A., Johnson, D. R., Bremer, C. D., Cosio, A., & Thompson, M. (2004). Essential tools: Increasing rates of school completion: Moving from policy and research to practice. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration, National Center on Secondary Education and Transition. Retrieved from http://www.ncset.org/publications/essentialtools/dropout/handout2.asp

Levin & Nolan (2014). Principles of classroom management: A professional decision-making model (7th ed.). New York: Pearson.

Liang, C. T. H., Rocchino, G. H., Gutekunst, M. H. C., Paulvin, C., Melo Li, K., & Elam-Snowden, T. (2020). Perspectives of respect, teacher–student relationships, and school climate among boys of color: A multifocus group study. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 21(3), 345–356. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000239

Long, N. J., Morse, W. C., & Newman, R. G. (1980). Conflict in the classroom. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Mitchell, B. S., Hirn, R. G., & Lewis, T. J. (2017). Enhancing effective classroom management in schools: Structures for changing teacher behavior. Teacher Education and Special Education, 40(2), 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406417700961

Morrison, J. (2009). Why teachers must be data experts. Educational Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/dec08/vol66/num04/Why-Teachers-Must-Be-Data-Experts.aspx

National Center for Education Statistics. (2020, September). Race and ethnicity of public school teachers and their students. Data Point. U.S. Department of Education NCES 2020-103. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020103.pdf

National Center for Education Statistics. (2020). Table: Enrollment and percentage distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and region: Selected years, fall 1995 through fall 2029. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_203.50.asp?current=yes

Nies, B., Ludwig, T., & Weninger, L. (n.d.). Teaching and reinforcing school-wide expectations. Retrieved from http://pbismn.org/documents/summerinstitute/TeachingReinforcingExp_BeckyNies.pdf

Office of Special Education Programs. (2015). Supporting and responding to student behavior: Evidence-based classroom strategies for teachers. Washington, DC: Office of Special Education Programs. Retrieved from http://www.pbis.org/resources/supporting-and-responding-to-behavior-evidence-based-classroom-strategies-for-teachers

Oliver, R. M., & Reschly, D. J. (2007, December). Effective classroom management: Teacher preparation and professional development. National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality issue paper. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED543769.pdf

Paris, D. (2012). Culturally sustaining pedagogy: A needed change in stance, terminology, and practice. Educational Researcher, 41(3), 93–97.

Poole, I., Evertson, C., & the IRIS Center. (2019). Effective room arrangement: Elementary. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/wp-content/uploads/pdf_case_studies/ics_effrmarr_elementary.pdf

Poole, I., Evertson, C., & the IRIS Center. (2020). Effective room arrangement: Middle & high school. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/wp-content/uploads/pdf_case_studies/ics_effrmarr_middle_high.pdf

PDK International. (2019). PDK poll of the public’s attitudes toward the public schools. New York: Author. Retrieved from https://pdkpoll.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/pdkpoll51-2019.pdf

Robison, T. (2020). Culturally responsive classroom management in the general music class: Building connections with families, Part 2. General Music Today, 34(1), 37–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1048371320909801

Rose, L. C., & Gallup, A. M. (2000). The 32nd annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of the public’s attitudes toward the public schools. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170008200113

Rosenberg, M. S., & Jackman, L. A. (2003). Development, implementation, and sustainability of comprehensive school-wide behavior management systems. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(1), 10–21.

Scherer, M. (2009). Perspectives/Driven dumb by data? Educational Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/dec08/vol66/num04/Driven-Dumb-by-Data%C2%A2.aspx

Scheuermann, B.K., & Hall, J. (2016). Positive behavioral supports for the classroom. New York: Pearson.

Scott, T. M. (2017). Training classroom management with preservice special education teachers: Special education challenges in a general education world. Teacher Education and Special Education, 40(2), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888406417699051

Simonsen, B., Freeman, J., Goodman, S., Mitchell, B., Swain-Bradway, J., Flannery, B., Sugai, G, George, H., & Putman, B. (2015). Supporting and responding to behavior: Evidence-based classroom strategies for teachers. OSEP. Retrieved from http://www.pbis.org/common/cms/files/pbisresources/Supporting%20and%20Responding%20to%20Behavior.pdf

Stevenson, N. A., VanLone, J., & Barber, B. R. (2020). A commentary on the misalignment of teacher education and the need for classroom behavior management skills. Education and Treatment of Children, 43, 393–404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43494-020-00031-1

Stronge, J. H., Ward, T. J., & Grant, L. W. (2011). What makes good teachers good? A cross-case analysis of the connection between teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Journal of Teacher Education, 62(4), 339–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487111404241

van Uden, J., Ritzen, H., & Pieters, J. (2014). Engaging students: The role of teacher beliefs and interpersonal teacher behavior in fostering student engagement in vocational education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 37, 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2013.08.005

Westling, D. L. (2010). Teachers and challenging behavior: Knowledge, views, and practices. Remedial and Special Education, 31, 48–63. doi:10.1177/0741932508327466

Additional Resources

Articles

Myers, D., Freeman, J., Simonsen, B., & Sugai, G. (2017). Classroom management with exceptional learners. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 49(4), 223–230.

It’s difficult to overstate the importance of effective classroom management to improved student learning outcomes. The authors of this article provide information about a classroom management framework that seeks to improve the likelihood of positive student behaviors through the teaching and establishing of routines, as well as the application of behavior-specific praise and error correction. A list of reliable resources is likewise included.

Books

Evertson, C. M., & Emmer, E. T. (2017). Classroom management for elementary teachers (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

This detail and information-rich book serves as a guide for the development, implementation, and maintenance of a comprehensive behavior management plan at the elementary school level. Chapters address everything from the material arrangement of classrooms to the establishment of rules and procedures to notes on how to manage problem behaviors. Sections include suggested activities, case studies, and recommendations for further reading.

Online Resources

The Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) http://www.pbis.org/

This site is hosted by the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) and provides a wealth of positive behavior interventions and supports. Useful information on this Website includes System-Wide Evaluation Tool (SET), School-Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports (SW-PBIS) Blueprint, Effective Behavior Strategy (EBS) Self-Assessment Survey, and the EBS Checklist. In addition, there are links to information on functional behavioral assessments.

Credits

Content Experts

Lori Jackman
Michael Rosenberg
Lori Delale-O’Connor

Module Developers

Kim Skow
Pamela Lehman
Bianca Jefferson
Jordan Lukins

Module Production Team

Editor Jason Miller

Reviewers
Sarah Bresnahan
Nicole Homerin
Sara Ioannou
Jordan Lukins
Deb Smith
Naomi Tyler

Permissions
Pamela Dismuke

Transcriptions
Pamela Dismuke

Media specialist/technical support
Brenda Knight

Web master
John Harwood

Media

Narration
Jason Miller

Video
MediaFire

Music
freemusicarchive.org

Graphics
Shutterstock

Photos
“Michael Rosenberg” courtesy of Michael Rosenberg
“Angela Mangum” courtesy of Angela Mangum
“KaMalcris Cottrell” courtesy of KaMalcris Cottrell
“Ashley Lloyd” courtesy of Ashley Lloyd
“Melissa Patterson” courtesy of Melissa Patterson
“Lori Delale-O’Connor” courtesy of Lori Delale-O’Connor

Expert Interviews
Michael Rosenberg (pp. 1, 4, Wrap Up)
Angela Mangum (pp. 2, 4, 5)
KaMalcris Cottrell (pp. 3, 6)
Ashley Lloyd (pp. 2, 3, 5, 6)
Melissa Patterson (pp. 3, 4, 5)
Lori Delale-O’Connor (p. 3)

When you are ready, proceed to the Wrap Up section.

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