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Challenge
Initial Thoughts
Perspectives & Resources

What did you see? (Opinion Question: No Resources)

What feelings did you have about the photos? (Opinion Question: No Resources)

Now, what do you see?

  • Page 1: Learn More About the People in the Challenge

Do perceptions matter?

  • Page 2: Common Perceptions
  • Page 3: Cultural-Based Perceptions
  • Page 4: Film and Literature Portrayals
  • Page 5: Facts and Figures
  • Page 6: Language Preferences

Resources

  • Page 7: References & Additional Resources
  • Page 8: Credits
Wrap Up
Assessment
We want to hear from you. Please complete our brief Module Feedback Form.

Resources

Page 7: References & Additional Resources

To cite this module, please use the following:

The IRIS Center. (2004, Rev. 2016, 2019). What do you see? Perceptions of disability. Retrieved from https://iris.peabody.vanderbilt.edu/module/da/

References

Andrews, E. E., Forber-Pratt, A. J., Mona, L. R., Lund, E. M., Pilarski, C. R., & Balter, R. (2019). #SaytheWord: A disability culture commentary on the erasure of “disability”. Rehabilitation psychology, 64(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000258

Barnes, J. (2000). Ursa Minor. The Tribal College Journal, 11(4), 12.

The Braille Monitor. (2001). Eyewitness to catastrophe. Retrieved from http://www.nfb.org/images/nfb/publications/bm/bm01/bm0110/bm011006.htm

Congressional Research Service. (2017, July). Students with disabilities graduating from high school and entering postsecondary education: In brief. Retrieved from https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20170710_R44887_44f9ad63208ab839433a798210d3a3e1c6980425.pdf

Disability Community Resource Center. (n.d). Disability pride. Retrieved from https://www.dcrc.co/advocacy/#:~:text=The%20disability%20pride%20movement%20wants,festiva ls%20both%20uplift%20and%20challenge.

Disability Rights Wisconsin. (2021). Celebrate disability pride month. Retrieved from https://disabilityrightswi.org/

Dunn, D. S., & Andrews, E. E. (2015). Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists’ cultural competence using disability language. The American Psychologist, 70(3), 255–264. https: //doi.org/10.1037/a0038636

EARN. (n.d.). Person first and identity first language. Retrieved from https: //askearn.org/page/people-first-language

Eastern Carolina Vocational Center. (n.d.). Hiring people with disabilities: Myths & facts. Retrieved from http://www.ecvcinc.com/our-services/employment-services/Myths_and_Facts

Easterseals. (n.d.). Myths and facts about people with disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.easterseals.com/explore-resources/facts-about-disability/myths-facts.html

Easterseals. (n.d.). What is disability pride? Retrieved from https: //www.easterseals.com/explore-resources/facts-about-disability/disability-pride.html

Gernsbacher M. A. (2017). Editorial Perspective: The use of person-first language in scholarly writing may accentuate stigma. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 58(7), 859–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12706

Gernsbacher, M. A., Raimond, A. R., Balinghasay, M. T., & Boston, J. S. (2016). “Special needs” is an ineffective euphemism. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 1(1), 29. http://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41235-016-0025-4

Guide Dogs for the Blind. (n.d.). Michael Hingson and his guide dog Roselle. Retrieved from http://www.guidedogs.com/site/PageServer?pagename=programs_community_speakers_hingson

HEART: Inclusive Arts Community. (n.d.). What is disability pride? Retrieved from https: //www.heartsc.org/what-is-disability-pride

Ingram, K. (2017). Supporting higher education for people with disabilities. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/supporting-higher-education-for-people-with-disabilities.aspx

Institute on Disability/UCED. (2019). 2018 annual report on people with disabilities in America. Retrieved from https://disabilitycompendium.org/annualreport

Job Accommodation Network, Office of Disability Employment Policy. (2019). Workplace accommodations: Low cost, high impact. Accommodation and Compliance Series. Retrieved from https://askjan.org/publications/Topic-Downloads.cfm?pubid=962628

Ladau, E. (2021). Demystifying disability: What to know, what to say, and how to be an ally. (pp. 8-27). Ten Speed Press.

Michigan Community Services Commission. (n.d.). Myths, misconceptions, and realities of disability. Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/mcsc/0,4608,7-137-8074_22503_23185-63417–,00.html

National Council on Independent Living. (2021, October). Disability pride toolkit and resource guide. NCIL. Retrieved from https://ncil.org/resources/disability-pride-toolkit-and-resource-guide/

Newman, L., Wagner, M., Knokey, A. M., Marder, C., Nagle, K., Shaver, D., Wei, X., with Cameto, R., Contreras, E., Ferguson, K., Greene, S., and Schwarting, M. (2011). The post-high school outcomes of young adults with disabilities up to 8 years after high school: A report From the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2) (NCSER 2011-3005). Menlo Park, CA: SRI International. Retrieved from https://ies.ed.gov/ncser/pubs/20113005/pdf/20113005.pdf

Partnership on Employment & Accessible Technology. (n.d.). Accessibility and employment: What people with disabilities need to know. Retrieved from https://www.peatworks.org/content/accessibility-and-employment-what-people-disabilities-need-know

Perry, R. (2021). Person-first vs. identity-first language. AccessATE. https://accessate.net/features/2519/person-first-vs-identity-first-language

Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (2022). Guidelines: How to write about people with disabilities (9th edition). The University of Kansas https://rtcil.org/sites/rtcil/files/documents/9%20ed%20guidelines%20pamphlet%2012.22.2020–fix ed.pdf

Taylor, D. M. (2018). Americans with disabilities: 2014. Household Economic Studies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p70-152.html

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2019, February). Persons with a disability: Labor force characteristics – 2018. Press release. Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.nr0.htm

U.S. Department of Education. (2018). 40th annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 2018. Retrieved from https://www2.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/osep/2018/parts-b-c/40th-arc-for-idea.pdf

Virginia Commonwealth University, Rehabilitation Research and Training Center. (2005). The realities of hiring people with disabilities. Retrieved from https://worksupport.com/documents/realities11.pdf

Additional Resources

Articles

Andrews, E. F., Forber-Pratt, A. J., Mona, L. R., Lund, E. M., Pilarski, C. R., & Balter, R. (2019). #SaytheWord: A disability culture commentary on the erasure of “disability.” Rehabilitation Psychology, 64(2), 111–118.

In this intriguing article, the authors suggest that well-meaning attempts to expunge the terms “disability” and “disabled” from public discourse might in fact create unforeseen negative externalities, for example a reduced urgency to improve accessibility. They conclude that how society at large should think about people with disabilities should more closely resemble that of other diverse groups, whose strengths and differences are not erased but rather celebrated and considered part of a greater whole.

Lindsay, S., Cagliostro, E., Albarico, M., Mortaji, N., & Karon, L. (2018). A systemic review of the benefits of hiring people with disabilities. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28, 634–655.

This wide-ranging literature review examined some 6,176 studies in hopes of learning more about the benefits of hiring people with disabilities. Though they suggest that more research must be done, their own conclusions show that the benefits are real and measurable, including better hiring retention, greater profitability, more robust employee loyalty, and improved company images and public profiles, to name but a few.

Nota, L., Santilli, S., Ginevra, M. C., & Soresi, S. (2014). Employer attitudes towards the work inclusion of people with disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27, 511–520.

This study takes a look at the perceptions of employers toward their employees with disabilities, including their hiring practices, worker performance evaluation, and role assignments, among other factors. Findings indicate that, although the type of disability in question does indeed play a role in hiring decision, employers are nevertheless willing to offer a wide variety of appropriate assignments and roles to people with disabilities.

Rohmer, O., & Louvet, E. (2016). Implicit stereotyping against people with disability. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21(1), 127–140.

The authors of this article conducted a number of experimental studies to gauge the degree to which people without disabilities hold stereotypes about those who do. Their findings indicate that people without disabilities implicitly regard people with disabilities as less emotionally “warm” and as generally less competent than their non-disabled peers. The results help form a more complete picture of the barriers that people with disabilities face in their everyday lives.

Simplican, S. C., Leader, G., Kosciulek, J., & Leahy, M. (2015). Defining social inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: An ecological model of social networks and community participation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 38, 18–29.

What is social inclusion and what might it look like for persons with disabilities? The authors of this article set out to define the term in order to construct a model that covers interpersonal relationships and community engagement for a wide variety of personal circumstances and disability classifications.

Online Resource

Center for Parent Information & Resources: Disability Awareness https://www.parentcenterhub.org/awareness/

Looking for yet more resources about people with disabilities? The Center for Parent Information & Resources has assembled a variety of materials covering disability awareness and disability etiquette from Easterseals, the United Spinal Association, PACER Center, and many others.

U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability and Employment Policy. (n.d.). Employers and the ADA: Myths and facts. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/publications/fact-sheets/americans-with-disabilities-act

Looking for fast facts about the Americans with Disabilities Act as it applies to employers? Here’s an ideal place to start. Covering everything from the cost of accommodations to legal issues to ADA hiring requirements, the page also includes links to further resources for those who wish to learn more.

Websites

Disability and Health https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/disability-strategies.html

This section of the online home of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers information disability and inclusion, healthy living, emergency preparation, and data and statistics, among much more.

Disability History Museum https://www.disabilitymuseum.org/dhm/index.html

This online virtual museum is designed “to foster research and study about the historical experiences of people with disabilities and their communities.” Visitors here will find a rich collection of documentary films, primary source documents, photographs and audio files, and education programs covering a wide variety of disability-related topics.

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